NORTHWESTERNAMERICA. 221 



the Sukrvames, Sunahumes, Tshikatstat, Puiak, and the Karvltshin, 

 which last are upon Frazer's River. He said that there appeared to 

 be a great diversity of dialect among them, a statement which was 

 afterwards confirmed from other sources. But of their affinities with 

 one another, and with the surrounding tribes, we could obtain no 

 information. From this point, nothing is known of the tribes on the 

 coast, until we arrive at Milbank Sound, in latitude 52. A brief 

 vocabulary of the language spoken by the Hailtsa Indians in this 

 sound is given, as furnished by a gentleman connected with the 

 Hudson's Bay Company. This is probably the tribe which Mac- 

 kenzie met after leaving Friendly Village, on Salmon River, at which 

 point he remarked that a different langviage commenced. 



I 



SOUTHERN TRIBES. 



The statements which were received from Indians and trappers 

 concerning the tribes south of the Jakon and Umkwa were, in general, 

 consistent as regarded their names and positions, but differed much 

 with respect to the number and affinity of their languages. Imme- 

 diately south of the Jakon are the Saiustkla, upon a small stream 

 which falls into the sea just south of the Umqua River. Next to 

 these are the Kilirv&tshat, at the mouth of the Urnqua, and higher up, 

 on the same river, the TsaMl. South of the Kiliwatshat are the 

 Kdus or Krvokrvoos, on a small river called by their name, between 

 the Umqua and the Clamet. On the lower part of the Clamet River 

 are the Totutune, known by the unfavorable soubriquet of the Rogue 

 or Rascal Indians. Beyond these, the population is very scanty, 

 until we arrive at the valley of the Sacramento, all the tribes of which 

 are included by the traders under the general name of Kinkld, which 

 is probably, like Tldmatl, a term of Chinook origin. According to 

 one account, the Saiustkla, Kiliwatshat, Tsalel, and Kaus, speak one 

 language ; according to another, two ; and a third informant gave to 

 each tribe a peculiar idiom. This will serve, as one instance out of 

 many, to show the impossibility of arriving at any certainty concern- 

 ing the affinities of different tribes, without an actual comparison of 

 vocabularies. 



The next point at which we have any distinct information about 

 the natives is on the plains of the Sacramento, about two hundred and 

 fifty miles from the mouth of that river, where it was first seen by 

 the exploring party from the squadron, on their way from the Co- 



56 



