232 PHILOLOGY. 



e is commonly, though not always, retained ; before i, o, and , it is replaced by h ; the 

 r also is used instead of I ; as ari'i for aliki, rai for laigi,fcHa or ha? a for faka, hou 

 for fan. 



In Hawaiian, f and s are changed to h, ~g becomes n, w is used for v (though the sound 

 is properly intermediate between the two), and the k is dropped, as in Samoan and 

 Tahitian ; as hale for/ale, lani for lapi, wa'a for vaka. 



The Nukuhivan varies in different islands, and even in different districts of the same 

 island. In Tahuata and the other southern islands, the f is retained, the jj becomes n, 

 and the k is frequently omitted. In Nukuhiva and the rest of the northern cluster, the 

 /is changed to h, the k is retained (except at the beginning of words, when it is omitted 

 or pronounced, at the pleasure of the speaker), and the ~g becomes k, except with the 

 people of one district (the Taipis), who give it its true sound. In all the islands, the I 

 (or r) is omitted, or, at least, is very rarely used. Thus we have, in Tahuata,^?, fae 

 (for hoe), hana (for haya), and havafi (for Savaiki) ; in Nukuhiva, hiti, hoe, luika (or 

 with the Taipis hayd), and fuzvaiki. 



$ 2. The following table will show the number of consonantal 

 elements in each dialect, and the permutations which they undergo 

 in passing from one to another. The hiatus caused by the omission 

 of the k is represented by an inverted comma. An omission of a 

 letter which does not cause a hiatus, or sensible break in the pronun- 

 ciation, is denoted by a dash. 



FAK. SAM. TONG. N. Z. RAR. MANG. PAU. TAH. BAW. NUK. 



F F F W; H WorF;H F; H H F or H 



K 



L R 



M M 



N N 



N 17 or K or N 



P P 



H H 



T T 



V V V W V V For W V W V 



3. Besides the regular permutations above-noted, there are others 

 which occasionally take place between different dialects. 



F is occasionally commuted to v or w ; as fasi, Sam., a place, becomes in Tahitian 

 vahi, and in Hawaiian wahi ; and sometimes to p ; as foe, Tonga, poe, N. Z., a ball. 



The I is sometimes changed to n ; as nima, Tong., for lima, five; nini, Haw., and 

 nii, Tah., for Kyi, to pour ; niinii, Sam., for li'ili'i, or likiliki, small. 



The Tongan frequently drops the I altogether, as akau for lakau, tree ; eya for lepa, 

 turmeric ; aiki for aliki, chief. 



The Tongan has sometimes an h where the other Polynesian dialects have no corre- 



