244 PHILOLOGY. 



/ le ao, Sam., in heaven ; i he eku hau, Tong., at my coming ; i uta, ubiq., on 

 shore ; e mate ratou i te koke, Rar., they shall die by the sword ; ua male latou i ta 

 mai, Haw., they died by sickness. 



/ expresses the ablative of cause, manner, and means, after an active verb, as e that 

 of agency after a passive. This distinction is always scrupulously observed. 



24. The sign of the ablative after a passive verb is e, answering 

 to the Latin a or ab. 



Tala-ina e le peropheta, Sam., spoken by the prophet ; lea aki e he tayata, Tong., 

 spoken by a man ; a i taunulia ia e te huya, N. Z., and he was mocked by the people ; 

 e malamaia tatou e te Atua, Haw., we are preserved by God. 



$ 25. E is also the sign of the vocative case, answering to o in 

 English, but in more frequent use. 



E lou alii, Sam., O my lord! E fefine, Tong., O woman! E Haimona, N. Z., O 

 Simon ! E te Orvmetna, Tab.., O Lord ! 



The Samoan, Rarotongan, and Hawaiian, sometimes place this particle after the noun, 

 s&faifeau el O master ! and sometimes both before and after, as e lo matou alii e! O 

 our Lord ! E te atu e! Rar., O Lord ! E te atua e! Haw., O God ! 



Many, if not all, of the languages, have words which are used only in the vocative, 

 like the English sir; as, sole, Sam., sir! Puna, Sam., woman ; ala, Tong., a general 

 word to call attention ; mara, N. Z., sir ; pa, N. Z., father. 



THE ADJECTIVE. 



J 26. The adjective follows the noun which it qualifies. 



Fale tele, Sam., ware rahi, N. Z., hale nui, Haw., large house. 



In Tongan only, a few exceptions are given, which are probably rather apparent than 

 real ; they are/w, great,^pam, chief, or most excellent, andfoi or foe, single; -fu akau, 

 a large tree [or, as we might say, " a lump of a tree"]. Fuyani is probably fromfuya, 

 meaning top, with the Vitian preposition ni affixed ; fu may be from the Vitian vu, a 

 trunk, stock, foundation ; foe is, properly, a round mass or ball. 



27. In most of the dialects the adjective is frequently made 

 plural by the reduplication of one of its syllables, and sometimes of 

 the whole word. 



Sam. laau tele, large tree ; pi. loan tetele, large trees. 



Sam. mauya maualuya, high mountain ; pi. mauya maulitluya. 



Tong. tofoa lahi, great whale ; pi. tofod lalahi. 



Tong. mahaki, sick ; pi. mahamahaki, sick (persons). 



N. Z. ika pai, good fish ; pi. ika papal. 



Rar. ika meitaki, good fish ; pi. ika memeitaki. 



Rar. maki, sick ; pi. makimaki, sick (persons). 



Pau. erire wiru, good woman ; pi. erire wiruwiru. 



Tab. taata maitai, good man ; pi. taata maitatai. 



