250 PHILOLOGY. 



tahi raau, Tab., one tree; the second both before and after, waka etoru, three canoes ; 

 eua ihi, Nuk., two chestnuts. In Hawaiian hoo is commonly used in the place of these 

 particles before tahi. In repeating the names of the first nine numerals, ka or a is 

 usually prefixed to the first, and e to the others, as katalii or atahi, elua, etolu, &c. 



$ 32. Some of the terms for the higher numbers are only used in 

 counting particular articles. 



For four, the Hawaiians have two terms, ha and fauna; for forty, they have tanahd, 

 iato, and ta'au. The first of these (tanahd) is the general term ; iato is used in counting 

 pieces oftapa* (native cloth), and ta'au in counting fish. 



It has been before observed [ 14] that kau, the root of the Tongan tekau, probably 

 signified originally a parcel or bunch. Tekau would mean, therefore, one parcel, which 

 they consider to be twenty, though this is evidently an arbitrary application, precisely 

 as with the English score, which means properly any number scored down. The natives 

 of Tonga employ it only in counting yams and fish. They have also a similar collec- 

 tive term, tefuhi, for hundred (though Mariner does not state its exact application) ; it is 

 probably the word fuhi, a sheaf, or bundle, (from the Samoan fust, to bind,) with the 

 article ie prefixed. 



The word tekumi, pi. -gakumi, is used in Tongan for ten, in counting ofa, or fathoms, 

 the common measure of length. In New Zealand kumi signifies simply ten fathoms, 

 as does umi in Tahitian. In Hawaiian umi is the usual word for ten, and anahulu 

 (from yafulu) signifies a period of ten days. In the Mangarevan vocabulary kumi is 

 given as a word for ten, but with no explanation of its use. 



In Nukuhivan, pona, four, and tauau, four hundred, are used only in counting bread- 

 fruit. 



$ 33. The lower numbers are connected with the higher by the 

 conjunction ma, meaning and. 



In Samoan, sefulu ma tasi, eleven ; lua ~gafulu ma tasi, twenty -one ; in Tongan, 

 ho-gofulu ma ua, twelve; in New Zealand, -gahuru ma toru, thirteen ; in Rarotongan, 

 Tgauru ma a, fourteen ; in Nukuhivan, onohuu ma ima, fifteen, <fec. 



In Tongan, ma before afe becomes mo, as mono mo afe, eleven thousand. 



In Hawaiian, the word tuma, which is rendered in the vocabulary " a number, com- 

 pany, flock," is introduced before the conjunction, as umi tuma-ma-tahi, eleven ; tanahd 

 tuma-ma-lua, forty-two. It is only used, however, in connecting units with tens ; for 

 larger numbers, me, the usual term for with in that dialect, is employed, followed by the 

 singular article (te or to), or the plural sign (no) ; thus, fifty is tanahd me to umi, (forty 

 with the ten) ; sixty is tanahd me to iwatalua ; seventy is tanahd me te tanatolu (forty 

 with the thirty) or, sometimes, tanahd me na umi etolu, forty with three tens. 



In the Mangarevan vocabulary, the word tuma is given with the signification of unity 

 after ten (unite aprls la dizaine), but there is no example to show its use. 



34. The ordinal numbers are formed by prefixing the article to 

 the cardinal, and if the word be in the nominative, or independent 

 of other words, the particle ho also. 



'In Nukuhivan, hiato is the name of the paper-mulberry tree, of which the tapa is made. 



