POLYNESIAN GRAMMAR. 251 



'O le lua, Sam., the second ; he toru or kae torn, Tong., the third ; ko te wa, N. Z., 

 the fourth ; o te rima, Tah., the fifth, &c. 



35. The first time, the second time, &c., are expressed in most 

 of the dialects by tu, or some similar prefix. 



In Samoan, atu lua, the second time ; atu tolu, the third time ; in Tongan, tuo ua, 

 tuo tolu ; in New Zealand, tuarua, tuatoru ; in Rarotongan, tu-rua, tu-toru ; in Ha- 

 waiian, tiid-Iiiii, tua-tolu. 



In the latter dialect this form is also used in counting generations: tupuna is ancestor; 

 tupuna tualua, grandfather ; tupuna tuatolu, great grandfather, &c. 



In the New Zealand dialect the prefix tua serves likewise to express the partitives, 

 as, tualua, third part ; tua--gahHru, tenth part or tithe. In Hawaiian, hapa is used for 

 this purpose, as, hapalua, half; hapawalu, an eighth. 



36. The particle taki, or tdi, is used in many of the dialects to 

 express a meaning similar to the English by twos,,by threes, &c. ; it 

 is also employed in the sense of twofold, threefold. 



In Samoan, ttfttua, by pairs, or each two, or twofold ; ta'-ilau, a hundred fold ; in 

 New Zealand, takirua, takirau have the same meanings ; they are sometimes used in a 

 reduplicate form, as tatakirau, a hundred fold, or by hundreds. In Rarotongan, takirua, 

 takitoru ; in Tahitian, tairua, taitoru, &c. 



In Mangarevan, this is corrupted to tiki, as tikirua, tikitoru, meaning two to each, 

 three to each (in distribution). 



In Tongan, it is ta-tuo, as ta-tuo-fitu, seven-fold. 



In Hawaiian, taitahi signifies unfrequent, scarce, i. e. by ones. 



In Mangarevan, purua, putoru, pud, and in Ha waiian, palita, patolu, pahd, express 

 double, treble, fourfold. In Hawaiian, these words also mean by twos, by threes, cfcc. 



J 37. In numbering persons, toka or toko (lo'a or trfo) is prefixed 

 to the numerals, and also to adjectives expressing number. 



In Samoan, ona soo to'asefulu ma ttfalua, his twelve disciples ; tcfafia, how many 

 (persons) ? to'atele, a great many. 



In Tongan, hono tisaipeli toka-hoyofulu ma tokaua, his twelve disciples ; tokafiha, 

 how many 1 tokalahi, many. 



In New Zealand, tokorua -ga matapo, two blind men. 



In Rarotongan, tokorua puke tayata matapo, two blind men ; tokoia, how manyl 



In Tahitian, na ite toopiti e tootoru, two or three witnesses. 



In Hawaiian, it becomes by reduplication toto'o,as toto'olima, five (persons) ; taUfohia, 



how many 1 ? 



In Nukuhivan, tokotahi (or more commonly tootahi), tokoua, tokotou, tokohia. 



In the Samoan and Tongan this particle is used more frequently than in the other 

 dialects ; in these last it is rather employed to express the number of persons in a com- 

 pany, than for general enumeration. 



38. In Samoan, in numbering certain objects, they make use of 

 words analogous to the English term head, in the phrase, " five head 

 of cattle." 



