252 PHILOLOGY. 



The words which Mr. Heath gives as examples are lau, yaoa, mata, and fua. Lau 

 (one meaning of which is leaf) is used in counting fish, as lau agafulu o ia, ten fishes ; 

 lua lau Tjafulu, twenty. IQaoa (perhaps stone, as yaoa means stony) is used for cocoa- 

 nuts and yams, as ua lima yaoa niu, there are five cocoa-nuts. Mata (eye) is for tola 

 (arum escukntum), as mata-yafulu o talo, ten taro-roots. Fua (fruit) is for bread- 

 fruit, as fua-yafulu o 'ulit, ten bread-fruits. 



We know of nothing similar in the other dialects, except that tino, body, is sometimes 

 used in Tahitian and Rarotongan in enumerating persons, as taata tino ahuru, ten men. 

 In Rarotongan, also, ran, and in Tahitian au, are used before the word for ten in general 

 enumeration, as rau-~gauru ia uki, Rar., and au-ahuru ia ui, Tah., ten [are] those 

 generations. This ran may be a corruption of the Samoan lau, as the counting of fish 

 is by far the most common occasion for numbering among these islanders, and the prefix 

 which was at first appropriated to this might, in time, come to have a general application. 



In Nukuhivan, po is used in counting esculent roots, as atahi po ti, eua po ti, one 

 root of ti, two roots of ti; po vahie signifies a billet of wood for fuel. 



PRONOUNS. 



$ 39. The pronouns of all the dialects, with the exception of the 

 Tongan, are nearly identical. All have three numbers, singular, 

 dual, and plural. The first person of both the dual and the plural 

 has two forms, to which the terms exclusive and inclusive have been 

 applied. The first excludes the person addressed, or, should the 

 conversation be of two parties or companies of persons, this pronoun 

 applies only to that to which the speaker belongs, and excludes the 

 other; as "we here are good," meaning that you who are spoken to 

 are not; or, "we [Samoans] are honest," meaning that the people of 

 Feejee, concerning whom the conversation has been, are not. The 

 other, or inclusive form, comprehends both parties. 



Most of the Samoan pronouns have abbreviated forms, which are used only in the 

 nominative, preceding the verb. These are given in the following list immediately after 

 the full forms : 



SINGULAR. DUAL. PLURAL. 



au, o'u, 'w, I maua, ma, me (exc.) matou, we (exc.) 



taua, ta, we (inc.) tatou, we (inc.) 



'oe, ""e, thou 'olua, lua, ye 'outou, tau, ye 



ia, he laua, la, they latou, they 



Ou, I, is generally followed by te, in the present tense, as ou te savali, or au savali, I 

 walk. ' U is only used with the preterite particle na, as na'ufai, I said. 



All these pronouns, when in the nominative before a verb, or used in answer to the 

 question who is it ? are preceded by the particle of agency 'o. Ia frequently has this 

 particle, also, when following the verb. 



