POLYNESIAN GRAMMAR. 253 



The pronouns in the dual and plural, with the exception ofolua and 'outou, take au \ 

 before them whenever they are used as nominatives after the verb, or when preceded by 

 the prepositions ia, iate, e, and by the adverb pei-o, like ; as uo o mai 'i latou, they 

 came ; alu iat.e 'i latent, go to them ; pei-o i maua, like us two. Sometimes this 'i is 

 retained after the nominative particle o, as o 'i latou, they. 



The pronouns heard at Fakaafo were the same as in the Samoan, except that in the 

 second person they usually said koe, kolua, and koutau; but the k was sometimes 

 dropped. Ki matou was heard in the nominative,* he ki matou iloa, we do not know. 



In Tongan the pronouns differ considerably from those of the other dialects. Like 

 the Samoan, they have a full and an abbreviated form, or, to speak more correctly, as 

 respects the dual and plural, a simple and a compound form. The simple or brief pro- 

 nouns are only used in the nominative, before the verb. 



SINGULAR. DUAL. PLURAL. 



au, u, ku, I. maua, ma, we, (exc.) mautolu, mau, we, (exc.) 



taua, to, we, (inc.) tautolu, tau, we, (inc.) 



koe, ke, thou moua, mo, ye moutolu, mou, ye 



ia, ne, he naua, na, they nautolu, nau, they 



Z7 is always joined to the sign of the tense which precedes, as, neu alu, I went ; teu 

 <ilu, I will go ; kuou tuku, I delivered. In the present tense it is usually followed by te, 

 as, kuou teofa,l love. Ku is used only after the preterite sign na, as naku mauavahi, 



I feared. 



The compound dual and plural forms (maua, mautolu, &c.) have the particle ki before 

 them in all cases except when used as possessive pronouns. Their complete forms as 

 personal pronouns are, therefore, kimaua, kimautolu, &c. All the pronouns of the full 

 forms, when used as nominatives before the verb, take the prefix ko, as ko au, ko koe, 

 ko ia, ko kimaua, ko kitaua, &c. All except au, when used as nominatives after the 

 verb, or as accusatives without a preposition before them, take the prefix a, as akoe, 

 aia, akimaua [Vide 11]. Au may have, in reality, the same prefix, but if so it 

 coalesces with the initial vowel. 



Kita (according to Mariner) is a pronoun of the first person, used only in familiar 

 conversation, and rather a vulgarism. 



[The ua and tolu which are affixed to the dual and plural are properly the numerals 

 two and three. It is probable that in the other dialects these same numerals are found in 

 a contracted form.] 



The pronouns in the New Zealand dialect are 



SINGULAR. WAL. M.URAL. 



hau maua matou 



taua latou 



Icae korua koutou 



ia raua ratou 



All the pronouns, when in the nominative before the verb, take the prefixed particle ko ; 

 when in the nominative after the verb the singular pronouns hau, koe, and ia, take the 

 particle a ; the rest have no prefix. 



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