258 PHILOLOGY. 



Ta ia, to ia, is a form sometimes substituted for the more common tana, tona. 



The Hawaiian has also the neutral pronouns tu'u, my, and to, thy; [qu. tana, his?] 

 used without regard to the distinction between a and o. 



The Nukuhivan possessive pronouns are formed by prefixing ta, to, na, no, to the per- 

 sonal, as ta au, to au, na au, no au, ta 'oe or ta koe, ta ia, to ia, ta maua, &c. The 

 second person has likewise the forms taou, toou, naou, noou. There are also two pro- 

 nouns, tu (or perhaps tuht), my, and to, thy, which are probably neutral forms. 



DEMONSTRATIVES. 



5 41. The demonstrative pronouns are formed, for the most part, 

 by prefixing the article to adverbs of place. 



In Samoan 



lenei, this ; pi. nei, these 



lena, that ; pi. na, those 



lela and lea, that ; pi. ia and la e, those 



As lenei tayata, this man ; nei uma tar/ata, all these men, &c. Lela seems to designate 

 a greater distance than lena, as o lena tayata, that man there ; 'i lela aai, to yonder 

 village. Ia, though having the form of the pronoun lie, is used in the plural, as ia nei 

 upa, these words ; ia mea, those things. I have met with no example of la e, which is 

 given by Mr. Heath. 



In Fakaafo, tend and tena were used for this and that. 



In Tongan, the demonstratives are heni, this or these, and hena, that or those. They 

 take the particles ko and a before them, according to their place in the sentence, in 

 which case they drop the h, and become koena and aena. . They are frequently divided, 

 the article he preceding the noun, and the particle ni and na following it ; as, lie botu ni, 

 this place (the place here) ; he tapata na, that man (the man there). 



The New Zealand demonstratives are 



tenei, this ; pi. enei, these 



tena, that ; pi. ena, those 



tera, that ; pi. era, those 



Tena and tera differ, in that the former is used in speaking of things in sight, or to 

 which the attention of the parties is directed, and tera of things at a distance. Tenei is 

 frequently divided, as te iwi nei, this people. 



Taua, that, pi. aua, those, are used not in pointing out objects, but in referring to 

 them ; as a i muri iho i aua ra, and after those days (of which we have been speaking). 



In Rarotongan the demonstrative pronouns are teia or eie, teianei or eienei, this or 

 these ; te reira, that or those ; taua nei or aua nei, this or these ; tana ra or aua ra, 

 that or those. Tena and tera, tenana and terara, all mean tliat, but they are seldom 

 used, and the distinction between them is not apparent. They are sometimes employed 

 at the beginning of a sentence, with the meaning of " therefore," " on that account," 

 and they serve also as an earnest mode of address, as tenana pikikaae! thou hypocrite ! 



