262 PHILOLOGY. 



they seem to be merely the article te lengthened by emphasis, and answer therefore to 

 the Samoan 'o le ; e ao tona o tei malau, blessed is he [or blessedness is his] who fears, 

 &c. ; tetai tayata ko lei akalu, a certain man who built ; le tayata lei aere na mua, the 

 men who went before. 



In Hawaiian, le is used in the same manner, as pomailai latou le u, blessed are they 

 that mourn. This te does not become la before any consonant, and is therefore to be 

 considered as distinct from the article, though it may once have been the same. In other 

 cases the relative must be understood from the construction. Mr. Andrews remarks, 

 " from the mode of thinking among the islanders, it is evident that they have no more 

 use for the relative pronoun, than they have for the verb to be." 



In Nukuhivan, te is used for a relative, as, o koe le i kaoha ia (G.), it is thou who art 

 saluted ; te pue la Jesu i hakaite mai, the prayer which Jesus taught. But commonly 

 the relative is understood, as na te puaa e uhw i le epo (C.), it is the pig that roots in the 

 earth. 



In all the dialects there exists a relative particle ai, unknown to any of the European 

 languages, which frequently supplies the place of the relative pronoun. It will be men- 

 tioned in treating of the verb. 



J 45. The reflective and emphatic pronouns self and own have, in 

 some of the dialects, no corresponding terms ; in others they are ex- 

 pressed by some emphatic word appended to the personal and posses- 

 sive pronouns. 



The Samoan and Tongan have nothing to supply the place of these terms : " he killed 

 himself," is simply, " he killed him ;" " against himself," is merely, " against him ;" 

 " thine own eye," is, " thy eye," &c. 



The New Zealand dialect employs ano, a word used in various senses, such as, also, 

 indeed, then, truly, &c. ; e wakaora ia ia ano, to save himself; i lou kanohi ano, in 

 thine own eye ; e karaya ana kia ratou ano, calling to one another. 



In Rarotongan, orai (perhaps from rai, great, much) is the common word ; its proper 

 meaning seems to be very, in the sense of " this very thing ;" it frequently has the 

 particle ua, " merely," prefixed to it ; kia latou orai, to ourselves ; ko Davida orai, 

 David himself; tona uaorai -gakau, his own heart. lo is sometimes used, like iho in 

 Tahitian, as, tonaio ao, his own stature. 



In Tahitian, iho, which properly means down, or downward, is affixed to the personal 

 and possessive pronouns, as, i roto ia outou-iho, within yourselves ; tau iho mnta, 

 thine own eye ; nana iho i hamani, he made it himself. 



In Hawaiian, iho is used in a similar manner ; as, tou iho mala, thine own eye. 



In Nukuhivan, according to M. Garcia, " I strike myself," would be simply " I strike 

 me," e pehi nei au ia au, as in Samoan. 



THE VERB. 



46. The accidents of tense, mood, voice, number, and person, 

 are in general denoted by particles affixed to the verb. The only 

 inflection which it undergoes, consists in the reduplication of the 



