266 



PHILOLOGY. 



is done the will, &c. [or, only the men who do the will.] Ona may frequently be ren- 

 dered then, when, that. Sa is used in a similar manner with na [see the example, 44]. 



In Tongan, e is used as in Samoan : lea e fehia ae tayata kotoa be, and all men shall 

 hate. Te is used with the pronouns, but, by a singular discrepancy, while in Samoan it 

 follows, in Tongan it precedes the pronoun ; in Samoan, 'e te fai, in Tongan, te ke fai, 

 thou shall do ; ikai te nau faa-tamate, they cannot kill ; so, teu alu, I will go, the pro- 

 noun M being affixed to the particle. Na (or as the missionaries have spelt it, naa), nae, 

 and ne, are signs of past time. The first is used with the pronouns : na mau maniata, 

 we saw ; ndku alu, I went, &c. Nae is used when not followed by a pronoun, as nae 

 hau aefoha oe tayata, the Son of Man came ; nae i ai ae tayata, there was a man there. 

 It precedes the negative ikai, which is then sometimes followed by te, but not with a 

 future signification, as nae ikai te mau ala, we have not touched. Ne is commonly used 

 with the pronouns, like na, from which it seems to differ only in being less emphatic ; 

 neufanoyo, I have heard ; ne ne alu or ne alu ia, he went ; it is also used with the con- 

 junction of past time ka. 



In New Zealand, e is the sign of present and future time, and i of past ; ko ya matapo 

 e kite ana, the blind see ; e ora taku ponoya, my servant will live ; i haere matou, we 

 went. When a verb, in the indicative, has no particle of tense, it is generally in the 

 preterite. 



In Rarotongan, e is a sign of the future, and not unfrequently of the present : kare e 

 papani teianei uki, this generation shall not pass ; e aere au, I go. Te is a sign of the 

 present, and of the imperfect ; in the first case, the verb is followed by the locative par- 

 ticle nei (here), and in the second by ra (there), as te kite nei au, I know ; te noo ra 

 aia, he was sitting. I is the sign of the past. It is, however, sometimes used in the 

 present, particularly after the negative, as kare matou i kite, we do not know. When no 

 particle precedes the verb, it is usually in the preterite. 



In Mangarevan, e is the sign of the present and future ; in the former case (according 

 to the vocabulary) it has ana after the verb, and in the latter ai; e au ana te matayi, 

 the wind is blowing. J marks the preterite ; after a negative it becomes ei, as kakore au 

 ei kite, I did not see. 



In Tahitian, the particles and their use are precisely the same as in Rarotongan, and 

 the same may be said of the Paumotuan, so far as can be judged from the specimens 

 which we have of that language. 



In Hawaiian, e indicates the future, and frequently, also, the present ; te is the proper 

 sign of the present, but in the subjunctive mood it denotes the future also ; i is the pre- 

 terite particle. E, when it follows the verb, signifies previous, beforehand, and forms 

 thus, with the preterite, a sort of pluperfect, and with the future, a second future, ua 

 lawe e au, I took previously, or I had taken ; e lawe e au, I shall take -beforehand, or 

 shall have taken. 



In Nukuhivan, e is the sign of the present and the future. In the former case, to dis- 

 tinguish the tense, the particle nei is usually postfixed to the verb ; as e kite nei au, I 

 see. The sense of futurity is generally made apparent by the form of the sentence, as 

 mdhea e hee ai tatou, which way shall we go 1 E haa popoi e fiti mai ai maua, to- 

 morrow we two will come. I is the preterite particle, as na oe i koaa tou taha, you have 

 taken away my place. 



