POLYNESIAN GRAMMAR. 267 



PARTICLES OF MOOD. 



5 53. The subjunctive, conditional, potential, imperative, and in- 

 finitive moods, are distinguished from the indicative, usually by 

 conjunctions or other particles prefixed to the verb. 



In Samoan, the subjunctive is denoted by the particles ia and ina, as ia iu le tola, 

 that the saying might be fulfilled ; a, 'e loto ina sao, if them wishest to be perfect (or, that 

 thou be perfect). With the negative, it is aua, as aua i latou te toe, that they should 

 not return. The conditional, with if or wften, is expressed by a, afai, faita (suppose), 

 ia, pe, pea, and poo; as a e ifo mai oe, if thou wilt bow down ; afai oe e alu, if thou 

 goest ; ia e manatu, oe, if thou wilt ; iafai outou au alama, when ye do your alms ; pe 

 'e te loto i ai, if thou desire it ; pea fai atu outou, if ye shall say ; poo oe moni, if it be 

 truly thou. Lest is expressed by nei, as nei utiafoi outou, lest ye be bitten. Can, or 

 rather possible, by mafai, usually followed by ona, or na, as e mafai iate ia na fati, 

 he can break (or, it is possible for him to break). The imperative either has no particle ; 

 as sau mai, come here, or takes ia after it, and sometimes also ina before it : <J one ia! 

 go away ! ina la-go ia i ai! take that ! Prohibition is expressed by aua, with le, te, or 

 e after it, as aua lefefe, do not fear ; aua 'e te tauto, do not thou swear ; aua lou lima 

 e iloa, let not thy hand know. Beware is rendered by ia, as ia outou nei fai e outou, 

 beware lest ye do (or, lest be done by you). The infinitive has e before it, as ua au sau 

 e vavau, I am come to destroy, but it is frequently expressed by the subjunctive with ia. 



In Tongan, the subjunctive is expressed by ke, as keu alu, that I may go ; ke mau 

 fakabogi, that we may destroy. In the negative by ke oua na, as ke oua na naufakaha 

 ia, that they should not make him known. If\s rendered by ka and kabau, as, te ka 

 nefai ae yahi -gaue, for if the works had been done ; kabau te mou mau ia, if ye will 

 receive it ; when is expressed by ka, which is generally repeated after the pronoun, as 

 ka mou ka ilo ia, when ye shall find him. Ka frequently has o before it, as oka lelei 

 ia akoe., when it is well with thee. Lest is telia nd,telia na nau mamata, lest they 

 should see. The imperative either has no particle, as, mou alu, go ye ! hau kiate au, 

 come to me ! or takes the sign of the subjunctive, as, ke mou boto, be ye wise. The 

 prohibitive sign is oua na, as oua na mou alu, go ye not. The infinitive has ke, as 

 naku hau kefakaita, I have come to set at variance, [this ke answers, not to the Samoan 

 e, but to the 'io, the sign of the subjunctive.] 



In New Zealand, kia and ina are signs of the subjunctive, as, kia haere atu au, that 

 I may go ; ina koe ka haere, that thou shouldst come ; in the negative, kia kaua 

 ratou e hoki, that they should not return. Me expresses a sort of future optative, me 

 haere ia, he should go, or must go ; meake may be rendered " is to be," as, meake tukua 

 te tar/ata, the man is to be (or must shortly be) delivered up. Ina is also when, as, 

 ina arumia koutou, when ye are persecuted. For if there are no expressions except ki 

 te mea, me te mea, (by the thing, with the thing,) or simply ki te, and me te ;&s, ki te 

 mea e haere mai ia, if he shall come ; ki te hiahia teta'hi tayata, if any man wish. Can, 

 or possible, is ahei, followed by the article, as, e ahei ia hau te kite, I can see (the see- 

 ing is possible for me). The imperative commonly has no particle ; it is sometimes fol- 

 lowed by m, as, haere ra koutou, go ye, and sometimes preceded by me, as, me 

 Itaere, go ! Kaua, kauaka, aua, auaka, and kei, all signify do not ;kaua or aua 



