POLYNESIAN GRAMMAR. 279 



is used after nouns and verbs like kore in Rarotongan, as, hara-ore, guiltless, horoi- 

 ore-hia, unwashed. 



In Hawaiian, aole and ole ; the former is the general negative ; the latter is the suffix, 

 and may be added to almost any adjective, common noun, or verb in the language. 



The Nukuhivan, besides akoe (or a'oe) and koe, has also auma, no, used as a strong 

 negation. 



\ 64. A certain class of adverbs, expressing the relations of place, 

 are treated as nouns, (except that they do not take the article,) and 

 have a preposition both before and after them ; they then correspond 

 in meaning with the English prepositions, above, below, before, 

 behind, within, without, &c. 



Samoan : i totonu o le lotoa, within the field (in the midst of) ; i luya o le sami, upon 

 the sea. 



Tongan : i lalo i lie ata, below the firmament ; i oluya i he ata, above the firmament. 



New Zealand : i waeyanui o ya ware, between the houses ; i mua i te pa, before the 

 town. 



In Rarotongan, those of these adverbs which end in a have o suffixed to them, and 

 take besides another preposition, as, ki ruya (adv.) above, on high, ki ru-gao i te are, 

 upon the house ; ki mua, in front, ki muao ia Jesu, before Jesus. 



In Tahitian, tei frequently precedes them, as, tei roto i te fare, within the house. In 

 Hawaiian, ma, as maloto o te hale, within the house. This ma is also employed in 

 Nukuhivan, as well as i. In this dialect the adverb is followed by hi or fie, as ma una 

 hi moena, upon the bed ; i una hi foe, over the house ; i oto hi hue (C), within the cala- 

 bash ; i oto he ani (G), in heaven. 



$ 65. Nearly all the interrogative adverbs are formed from fea, 

 which seems to mean properly which. [V. 42.] 



With the prepositions, fea refers to place, as, i fea, Sam., where 1 (i. e. at which 

 place ?), maifea, whence? &c. With pe, like, it refers to manner, as, pefea,faapefea, 

 like what, i. e. how ? the answer to which is, penei, pena, pela, like this, like that, i. e. 

 thus, so. With the signs of the tenses fea has reference to time, as, afea, when? (fut.), 

 nafea, when ? (post.) These, or similar words, are found in all the dialects. In Tongan, 

 fea becomes fe ; in Rarotongan and Mangarevan, ea ; and in the other dialects, hea ; fea, 

 however, is sometimes used in Tahitian and Nukuhivan. 



\ 66. All the dialects (except perhaps the Tongan) have particles, 

 whose office is to give an interrogative meaning to the sentence, like 

 the ne and num of the Latin. 



In Samoan, this particle is ea, as, na 'e iloa ea, dost thou know ? 'o ai ea le tayata, 

 who is the man? 



The New Zealand dialect has commonly ianei or ranei ; the Rarotongan, aina ; the 

 Mangarevan, ai (?) ; the Tahitian and Hawaiian, ami; and the Nukuhivan, ienei. 



