284 



PHILOLOGY. 



Hawaiian: hola, to spread, mahola, spread out, extended ; mm, to spill, manini, 

 an overflowing. 



In Samoan this particle is used very frequently, in Hawaiian rarely. In Rarotongan 

 it is sometimes changed to ija, and in Hawaiian to na, as, ae, Rar., Juie, Haw., to tear, 

 paae, Rar., nahae, Haw., torn. This prefix ma serves to form some nouns (or rather 

 adjectives which are used as nouns,) as sina, Sam., white, masina, the moon (i. e. the 

 white object) ; lama, a torch, to give light as a torch, malama, Sam., light, brightness, 

 and in Hawaiian, the moon. 



77. There are, in the different dialects, various affixes which 

 are joined to words, sometimes to alter their meanings, or as intensi- 

 tive particles, but often with no perceptible force. 



Samoan : iau, as, milo, to twist, taumilo, to jostle ; tai, to guide, direct, tautai, 

 to pilot or steer ; tola, to tell, tautala, to speak to ; veil and tauveli, both meaning to 

 tempt. Taufai, as po and taufaipo, both meaning to strike the latter, perhaps, to 

 strike frequently; tayi, to weep, and taufaitayi, to lament (said of several); a*i, na?i,fa}i 

 are occasionally postfixed to verbs, as lafo, to throw, lafoa'i, to throw away ; ao and 

 aaa'i to teach ; ao and aofa'i, to collect. 



Tongan : tau, as, alo and taualo, to paddle. Aki, laki, naki, -gaki, taki, used as 

 suffixes, apparently conveying the idea that the act denoted by the verb passes from the 

 agent to a distance, or over a considerable extent, or to a number of people, as, li, to 

 throw, liaki, to throw away ; tufa, to divide, tufaki, to share out, distribute ; ako, to 

 teach, akonaki, to preach ; totoyi and totoyaki, to throw stones, &c. 



New Zealand: pu, as, wera, hot, puwera, lukewarm; one and onepu, sand (pu 

 as a separate word means earnestly, strongly, intently) ; putahi, of one source or origin ; 

 putaki, the trunk of a tree ; pu-toitoi, a bundle of the grass called toitoi, [This pu may 

 be connected with the Tongan fu, Viti, vu ; v. 26.] Ko, as, akiri and kokiri, to 

 throw ; piko and kopiko, curved. 



Rarotongan : tau, as, maro, strong, laumaro, to strive ; turu, to help, tauturut 

 to minister to. Pu, as, roto and rotopu, within, inside ; pu-maana, lukewarm, from 

 maana, warm. 



Hawaiian: au, (perhaps from the collective particle kau or 'au ; v. \ 14) signifies, in 

 some compounds, a collection, as, autanata, a people, nation (from ta-nata, man) : 

 auwaa, a cluster of canoes ; aumatua, a class of ancient gods ; but it frequently has no 

 definite meaning, as, amo and auamo, to carry ; mihi and aumihi, to repent. O, as 

 milo and omilo, to twist ; pili, to stick, be close, opili, to contract as in the cramp. 

 Po, as, maitai, good,pomaitai, fortunate, happy ; ino, bad, poino, afflicted ; pilitia, 

 crowded close, narrow, -popilitia, distressing, difficult. 



78. In some of the dialects the words easy and difficult are 

 joined in a peculiar manner to the verb, so as to form in pronuncia- 

 tion but one word. 



In Samoan, these words are yofie, easy, and yatd, difficult : they are suffixed to the 

 verb and pronounced with it, as fai-yofie, easy to do, fai-yatd, hard to do ; sao-ijofie, 

 easy to enter, sao-yatd, difficult to enter. 



In Tongan, yofua, easy, and yatd, hard, as, fai-yofua, easy to do ; fai-yatd, hard 

 to do. 



