376 PHILOLOGY. 



just completed, as sa -ggai Sokovata, we have just been reconciled ; sa -ggai mate a 

 luveygu lewa, my daughter is just dead. Oti, done, finished, is used after a verb to 

 express a kind of preterite, as au sa meke oti, I have sung, am done singing ; sa visa oti, 

 it is burnt. Keti has a similar force. Tiko, to remain, gives a meaning similar to that 

 of the present participle in English, as au sa vola tiko, I am writing ; sa visa tiko, it is 

 burning. Koto and no are sometimes used in the same way. 



PARTICLES OF MOOD. 



The sign of the subjunctive and infinitive is me, which may be rendered " that," " in 

 order that," " to," &c. ; it seems to be connected with the preposition met, for, as in the 

 examples ka Sakava a tamata a Kalou mei avai? God made man for what '.' ans. Me 

 kilo, ko kea a Kalou, that he might know God. 



The conditional, with if, is expressed in the present and future by kevaka, and in the 

 past by ke prefixed to the verb. In the dialect of Somusomu V, 'e, and 'ena are used 

 for if, but the distinction between them is not explained. Lest is expressed by ndaka, 

 as, ndaka lulu koi koia, lest he fall. But frequently the conditional is not distinguished 

 by any sign, as sa lako mai koi koia, au sa vakamateia (R.), had he come, I had (or 

 would have) killed him. 



The imperative has me (or, at Somusomu, maui or mo) before it, or it is without a 

 particle, as me lako koiko (or maui la'o 'oi 'o, or mo la'o), or simply lako, go. In the 

 dual and plural, it has the abbreviated pronouns ndrau and ndou before it, as ndrau 

 lako, go ye two. The imperative of forbidding is formed by kakua with ni following, 

 as, kakua ni lako, do not go. 



PARTICLES OF FORM. 



Vaka is the causative prefix, as mate, to die, vakamate, to kill ; mbula, to live, vaka- 

 mbula, to save, to cure. But this prefix is also used to form adverbs, and must frequently 

 be rendered " like," or " after the manner of," as, vakaSa, badly ; vakaivei, how 1 

 vaka-Viti, Feejee- fashion. 



Vei prefixed to a verb, with i, Si, ki, ni, vi, ti, laki, maki, taki, yaki, suffixed, ex- 

 presses reciprocal action, as vei-vukei, to help one another, from vuke, to help ; vei. 

 tayii, to sympathise, weep together, from tayi, to weep; vei-kildki, to know one 

 another, from kila, to know ; vei-Surumaki, to enter one within another, as the links of 

 a chain, from Suru, to enter, &c. The suffixes, however, are often omitted, as vei-vaSu, 

 to strike one another, to box, vei-voli, to trade together, &c. This form with vei has also, 

 at times, the signification of united action, forming a sort of plural, as, vei-kandavi, to 

 run together, vei-tomani, to live or sit together. 



The suffixes which the verbs in this form receive, are usually the same which they 

 have when they precede, as transitives, a pronoun or proper name, as will be hereafter 

 explained. This, however, is not always the case. Kila, to know, has for its transitive 

 suffix i, and for its reciprocal ki. 



With yaki following the verb, the prefix vei often loses its reciprocal sense, and ex- 

 presses merely short, quick, interrupted motion, like that denoted by the phrases " to 

 and fro," " up and down," " about," and the like. Thus, vei-raiSi means, to see one 

 another, and vei-raiyaki, to look about, this way and that ; vei-lako-yaki, to go to and 

 fro, go about ; vei-siki-yaki, to lift about. 



