VITIAN GRAMMAR. 



379 



be cast into Gihenna " [on] les jettera" &c. In these examples the close relation 

 which exists between the passive and transitive forms of the verb is evident. 



DIRECTIVE PARTICLES. 



In the Polynesian dialects, frequent use is made of particles expressing the direction of 

 the action, whether towards or from the speaker, upward or downward, and the like. In 

 the Vitian, similar words are in use, though not to the same extent. Mai signifies motion 

 towards the speaker, and may frequently be rendered hither , ani or yani denotes motion 

 from the speaker, as, away, off, forth, &c. ; Sake signifies upwards, and Eivo, down- 

 wards. Lako-mai, come hither ; laVani, go away ; tu Sake, stand up ; tuku Sivo, to 

 put down ; tuku-yani, to send forth ; au tukufi kemundou yani, I send you forth ; 

 titkua-mai, give it here ; viri-ani, throw away. 



RELATIVE PARTICLE. 



Ki-na, in the middle or towards the close of a sentence, refers to some noun, pronoun, 

 adverb, or other word preceding it, expressive of time, place, cause, manner, instrument, 

 and the like ; it thus frequently supplies the place of a relative pronoun ; as, a tikina 

 vakand/taya ko lako ki na, every place wJiere thou goest (ki na referring to tikina, 

 place). / na siya e mate ki na a yagondra, on the day v;Jien their bodies die, (where 

 ki na refers to siya.) A ava ko raiSa ki na a malamala, why dost thou behold the 

 mote ? here ki na refers to Suva, what, i. e., what is it for which thou beholdest, &c. 



The following paradigms are intended merely to show the mode in which the particles 

 of tense, mood, &c., are applied, when it is thought necessary to employ them ; but it 

 must not be forgotten that their use is by no means constant, and that, in strictness, 

 a conjugation of regular verbal forms is not consistent with the genius of the Vitian 

 language. 



PARADIGM OF AN INTRANSITIVE VERB. 



Infinitive, me lako, to go. 



INDICATIVE MOOD. 



PRESENT TENSE. 



Singular. 

 au lako, I go 

 ko lako, thou goest 

 e lako koikoia, he goes 



Dual. 



ketidaru lako, thou and I go 

 keirau lako, he and I go 

 kemundrau lako, ye two go 

 e rau lako, they two go 

 Plural. 



kemundou lako, ye go 

 e ra 

 e ratou 



| lako, they go 



kenda 

 kendatou 

 keitou 

 keimami 



lako, ye and I go 

 lako, they and I go 



INDEFINITE. 



au sa lako, I am going, or am gone 

 ko sa lako, thou art going, &c. 

 sa lako koikoia, he is, &c. 



PRETERITE. 



au a lako, I went, or have gone 

 ko a lako, thou wentest 

 ka lako koikoia, he went 



FUTURE. 



au na lako, I shall go 

 ko na lako, thou wilt go 

 e na lako koikoia, he will go 



