VITIAN GRAMMAR. 



381 



CAUSATIVE FORM. keitdaru veUomani, we two love one an- 



me vakalomana, to cause to love other 



au vakalomani ko i koikoia, I cause thee kendatou ve-ilomani, we all love one an- 



to love him other 



e ra vakalomani au i ko, they cause me to DESIDERATIVE FORM. 



me via-lomana, to wish to love 

 love thee, &c. &c. 



au via-wmam ko, I wish to love thee 



RECIPROCAL FORM. 



USITATIVE FORM. 



me veilomani, to love one another me ndau-lomana, to be wont to love. 



The remaining parts of speech do not require a particular notice. All the prepositions, 

 and most of the conjunctions have been already given in treating of the cases of nouns, 

 and the moods of verbs. The formation of adverbs with vaka has also been adverted to. 

 We therefore proceed to speak of some other peculiarities of this language ; and first 

 of the 



FORMATION OF WORDS. 



The duplication of simple words is common in the Vitian, though not according to any 

 particular system or rule. In a verb it frequently expresses repetition of an action 

 (ante, p. 375); with adjectives and adverbs it is a -mode of forming the superlative 

 (see p. 370). Sometimes adjectives are formed by the duplication of other words, as, 

 from sombu, down, we have sombusombu, steep ; from loa, dirt, loaloa, black, dirty. 

 But more commonly nouns are thus formed from verbs, as from kau, to carry, is 

 derived kaukau, a burden ; from soro, to worship, sorosoro, a religious rite ; kamba, to 

 climb, kambakamba, a ladder. Very often the reduplicated form differs in no respect 

 from the simple word, and seems to be preferred merely from some idea of euphony. 



A kind of verbal adjective, with a passive meaning, is formed from many verbs by 

 prefixing to, as, vofe to flay, tavofe, flayed, having the skin stripped off"; wase, to sepa- 

 rate, tawase, separated, divorced ; sere, to untie, tasere, untied, loose. This particle is 

 sometimes found between the causative prefix vaka and the verb, as, kila, to know, vaka- 

 takila, to make known, to testify ; vuli, to learn, vakatdvuli, to teach, i. e. to make 

 learned. 



Compounds are not uncommon in the Vitian. The words which compose them are 

 arranged in the same order as when separate, that is, the adjective follows the noun, 

 and the noun the verb, substantives are separated by a preposition, &c., as, matalailai, 

 sharp-pointed, from mata, eye or point, and lailai, small ; matanivanua, a councillor 

 (eye of the land) ; nduvu-vakatayi, flute (noise-making bamboo). Substantives, how- 

 ever, are frequently used as adjectives, in which case no preposition is required, as, 

 fikavafu, stone-blind, from Sika, a disease of the eyes, and vatu, a stone; turundrdmba- 

 Idmt, issue of blood, from turu, to drop, ndra, blood, and mbalavu, long. 



The adjectives rawarawa, easy, and ndrendre, difficult, are frequently suffixed to 

 verbs to form compounds, as, vala-rawarawa, easy to do, vala-ndrendre, hard to do ; 

 talai-rawarawa, easy to command, or, rather, to be commanded, hence used for obe- 

 dient ; talai-ndrendre, disobedient, ungovernable. 



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