502 



PHILOLOGY. 



KAMILARAI. 



we have called deprecatory it has the signi- 

 fication of lest; as, buntea-kun koa ban 

 bay, lest I should strike him. With the 

 optative it signifies that, in order that ; as, 

 biiivil koa ban bay, that I may strike him. 



Ba has the sense of while, if, when ; as, 

 buntdn ban bar/ ba, while I strike him ; 

 bumpa bon bay ba, if I had struck him. 



Lay denotes quality ; thus, from pule, 

 salt (the noun), we have the adjective, pule- 

 lay, salt, saline ; pule-korien would signify 

 saltless, without salt, and pvle-korien-Zay, 

 unsalted, sweet. 



Wai is a particle expressing intention or 

 will ; it is frequently joined with the future 

 of verbs. 



Ke can hardly be translated except by 

 the English neuter verb, though it has not 

 in reality a verbal signification ; as, mina- 

 riy ke uni 1 what is this 1 



Ta seems properly to mean that ; but in 

 many cases it cannot be rendered into Eng- 

 lish, and in some instances it must be 

 translated by the substantive verb. 



Ba (besides the meaning given above) 

 signifies to be in any act or place. It may 

 often be rendered by the substantive verb. 

 Ye is another particle of a similar character ; 

 as, uni bon ye, who is he 1 



Ma is used before the imperative; as, 

 ma buwa bon, strike him. 



Kan has the sense of indeed, in fact ; 

 when appended to interrogatives it has a 

 negative meaning of a peculiar kind ; as, 

 wonen yeen uwala 1 where shall we go ? 

 wontn kdn, I do not know where, (lit. 

 where indeed ?). 



Kal and kaleen are used as patronymics; 

 England-kal, an Englishman ; England- 

 kaUen, an Englishwoman. 



WIRADUREI. 



Wari is frequently joined with verbs as 

 a particle of the future. 



Ba, ga, la, wa, bald, gild, gara, are par- 

 ticles which, with various shades of mean- 

 ing, and peculiarities of construction, are 

 used in cases where the substantive verb 

 would be employed in English. 



Na signifies it, tltat, and is used like ta 

 in Kamilarai. 



Bari is used with the third person of the 

 imperative; as, bari yia, let it be; winaya- 

 bilia bari, let him believe. 



Ga is used with interrogatives to reply 

 in the negative; as, minyay-gd, I don't know 

 what (what indeed ?) ; tdgu-gd, I don't know 

 where, &c. It seems to have the general 

 signification of " indeed." 



Gan is used to form patronymics ; as, 

 England-gan, an English man or woman. 



