NORTHWESTERN AMERICA. 549 



IVirl.AR. PLURAL. 



1st person, kith kith or kunanm 



2d person, knin kit/Mint 



.'id person, kti ku 



38. [n the first person plural of both those words there are two forms, which are used 



under dillereiit circumstances. When the speaker, his associates, and the person or 



persons addressed sire all included, the latter lorm, kmiiii or ki'/iiunii, is used. If the 



ker and his associates only are included, and not those addressed, the other form is 



used, kh or /.////. 



:t!i. When this class of words is used in connexion with an active transitive verb, 

 which has for its object a second person singular or plural, there is still another varia- 

 'ion ; as 



Sing, or PIu. (Object. 2d person sing.) 



1st person, k n malt 

 3d person, /. 



(Object. 2d person plural.) 

 1st person, kujiumah 

 3d person, ktipam 



Other words of this class are atah, kainah, iakah, tokah, &c., all varied in the same 

 manner. 



OF THE VERB. 



40. In the verb consists emphatically the power of the Sahaptin language. The various 

 particles and auxiliaries which help to form other languages, and render the variations of 

 the verb more simple and concise, are, to a great extent, wanting in this. Hence the 

 variations of the verb are extremely numerous, and they may be increased to an almost 

 indefinite extent by composition. 



41. Verbs may be divided into three classes, neuter, active intransitive, and active 

 transitive. 



42. There are two neuter verbs, wash, to be, signifying simple existence, and witsasha, 

 to become. The former is wanting in all the future tenses, or, if they exist, they are the 

 same with those of iritsasha, and formed from it. 



43. The active intransitive verbs are those which do not admit an accusative after 

 them. They are similar in their variations to the neuter verbs. 



44. Both these classes present a striking peculiarity in one respect. There is one form 

 of the verb to agree with the nominative, and another to agree with the genitive when 

 possession is implied. In the first and second persons, however, the form is the same in 

 each ; thus, 



WITH THI NOMINATIVE. 



Singular. Plural. 



1st person, in wash nun washih 



2d person, im awash ima athwashih 



3d person, ipi hiu-ash imma hiushih 



138 



