554 



PHILOLOGY. 



68. One class of adverbs is derived directly from verbs, and when this adverb is used, 

 it is dependent on a verb, and expresses the manner of the action ; as if I ask a native, 

 "mi?imaiih akuma ?" "in what way did you come?" he will answer, " wihnanih 

 kuma" " I came on foot." Wihnanih is from the verb wihnasa, to walk. 



69. There are also adverbs of time, as, wako, now; wakepa, long ago; of place, as, 

 kina, here ; kuna, there, and many others. 



70. There are also those which are used as interrogatives, and these all have the pe- 

 culiarity of commencing with m, probably from the interrogative pronoun ma; as, maua. 

 when? mina, where? mas, how much? malaham, how many times? mahal, how 

 long? mcdoshus, how many hundreds? &c. 



OF CONJUNCTIONS. 



71. The simple conjunctions are few in number. Wah, and, is used only to connect 

 words together, usually nouns. Kaua is used to connect sentences, but seems also to 

 have reference to lime, or order of events, in the sense of " then," " and then." It receives 

 also some adjective terminations, as do also some of the adverbs, as, kauama, belong- 

 ing to that time ; kaualit, at that same time. 



Other conjunctions are, met, kimet, but ; ku or tsalawi, if; inah, inaki, though, 

 although ; sauin, notwithstanding, &c. 



OF INTERJECTIONS. 



72. As in all barbarous languages, interjections are numerous, and frequently used to 

 express strong and sudden emotion. I-ia-a-a-iah is an expression of despondency or 

 despair, &c. &c. 



SYNTAX. 



73. The following are a few of the most important rules, concisely stated : 



(1.) Adjectives agree with their nouns in number and case. 



(2.) Verbs agree with their nominatives in number and person. 



(3.) Neuter and active intransitive verbs, when possession is implied, take before them 

 a genitive instead of a nominative. 



(4.) Active transitive verbs, when followed by an accusative, always take a genitive 

 before them in the third person, instead of a nominative. 



(5.) The conjugation which signifies to perform an action for another, or in reference 

 to another, always takes after it an accusative of a person with a nominative of a thing. 



(6.) As to the relative position of words in a sentence, no very precise rules can be 

 given. The language admits of greater latitude/in transposition than the English. The 

 form of words is so definite that the grammatical construction is easily determined without 

 reference to the relative position. 



(7.) The adjective usually precedes the noun, and the verb is usually thrown into the 



