NORTHWESTERN AMERICA. 



555 



Inticr part of the sentence, having ihe accusative before it. Sometimes the nominative is 

 last in the sentence. 



" The foregoing remarks (says Mr. S.) are sufficient to give some idea of the language 

 of the Nez Purees. It cannot be expected that a full grammar of it should be given. 

 As yet our knowledge of it is limited, and respecting some of the forms there is still some 

 doubt. That other forms exist of which we are ignorant there is almost a certainty." 



Mr. Smith gives a paradigm of the simple verb hakisa, to see, conjugated through 

 all the modes and tenses, as well as in the directive and locative forms. Some idea may 

 be formed of the extent of the variations, and of the labour required in educing them, 

 from the fact that they occupy, in his essay, no less than forty-six pages of manuscript. 

 And it is to be recollected that neither the six derived conjugations, nor the three forms 

 mentioned in 47, of which they are all susceptible, are included in this paradigm. 

 A few of the variations will be given, to illustrate the preceding remarks ; they have 

 been thrown into an order somewhat different from that adopted in the original, in order 

 to show more distinctly the system of transitions, or the mode in which the pronouns are 

 combined with the verb, both as subjects and objects of the action. 



The following paradigm of the substantive verb was written out by Mr. S. at my 

 request, as likely to be a subject of some interest. It is in frequent use, with precisely 

 the force of the English " to be," as is evident from the example given in another part of 

 the grammar ioh kah tsekaku ikuin UIWASH, that which I have said is true. In the 

 third person, singular and plural, two forms are given, the latter of which is used with 

 the genitive of possession (see 44). 



DIRECTION TOWARDS. 



im a* warn 

 ipi hiwam 



ima ath* washinm 

 imma hiushinm 



DIRECTION FROM. 



in wash 



im a* wash 



ipi hiwash ; ipnim ush 



nun washih 



ima ath* washih 



I am 

 thou art 

 he is ; it is his 

 we are 

 you are 



imma hiushih ; immam they are ; it is theirs 

 aushih 



wamka 



a wamka 



hiwamka 



washinmka 



ath washinmka 



hiushinmka 



wuna 



RECENT PAST TENSE. 



waka ( pro. waka)^ 

 a waka 



hiwaka ; awaka 

 washeka 

 atJi washeka 

 hiusheka ; ausheka 



REMOTE PAST TENSE. 



waka (pro. wdka)\ 



I have just been 

 thou hast, &c. &c. 



I was 



* The particles a and ath (or atk), which arc the signs of the second person, singular and plural, are 

 here given separate from the verb, as in fact, instances occur where other words are introduced between 

 them and the verb. 



t These words will illustrate what has been said ( 11) of the advisability of introducing other vowel 

 signs into the alphabet 



