564 PHILOLOGY. 



aminowagua, I kill thee 

 tfinowdgua, I kill him 

 umtkinoicdgua, I kill you two 

 ugtkinowagua, I kill them two 

 vmfkinowdgua, I kill you (pi.) 

 utylkinawdgua, I kill them 

 umgkiivdgua, ye kill him 

 utylkiwagua, ye kill them. 



The Lower or proper Tshinuk seems to differ from the Upper (or Watlala) rather in 

 words than in grammatical peculiarities. In the dialect of Wakaikwm, the pronouns 

 are nearly the same as in that of Watlala. For he, however, was given id)t.e, and for 

 she, wdf.e. 



Of many of the nouns no plural form could be discovered. Some of the names of 

 living beings had a plural termination in uks or uky, but this was not universal : 



tylikdla, man, (vir) pi. tylikdla/wuks 



kiutan, horse kiutdnukg 



tylkdmoks, dog tkamoksuks 



Some of the plurals were altogether irregular : as 



kotylelikum, man (homo) pi. tilekum 



tylakel, woman tdn&msiks 



tylkdskus, boy tkasosin&ks 



7. S. KALAPUYA. 



This vocabulary was obtained from two natives of the tribe, one of whom was a youth 

 educated by the missionaries at the Wallammet station. The language is soft and har- 

 monious. The q and y. occur, but not very often, and the latter is frequently softened 

 to an h. The other consonants are g (or s),f,j, k, I, m, n, -g, p (or b), t or d, and w. 



The Kalapuya is chiefly remarkable for the great changes which its words undergo in 

 their grammatical variations, leaving often very little trace of the root or ground-form. 

 This is seen, in some degree, in the noun, but more particularly in the verb, the forms 

 of which appear to be not less numerous than in the Sahaptin. 



The dual and double plural do not exist in this tongue. The personal pronouns are 



tgi or tfii, I solo, we 



maha or maa, thou miti, ye 



koka or k&k, he kinuk, they 



The following examples will show the possessive adjuncts, and the manner in which 

 they are combined with the noun : 



