11 ZOOPHYTES. 



FAMILIA II. SERTVLARID.E. Ovulis in vesiculo inclusis, gcmmis latcralibus persis- 

 tcntibus : corallis corncis, caliculis sessilibus. 



Genera. Antcnnularia, Plumularia, Sertularia, Thuiaria, Thoa, Pasythca. 



FAMILIA III. CAMPANULARID^E. Ovulis in vesiculo inclusis, gcmmis lateralibus per- 

 sistentibus ; corallis corneis, caliculis pedicellatis. 



Genera. Laomcdea, Campanularia. 



FAMILIA IV. TUBULARIDJJ. Gcmmulis nudis caduceis, juxta tentaculos enasccntibus ; 

 animalia ssepe coralligcna, corallis corneis, tubulatis. 



Genera. Pennaria, Tubularia, Syncoryna, Corydendrium, Eudendrium, Coryna, 

 Hydractinia. 



A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE PRINCIPAL SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION OF FORMER AUTHORS. 



The principal systems of classification in this department of Zoology, arc those of 

 Lamarck, Lamouroux, Schweiggcr, Blainville, Ehrenbcrg, and Milne Edwards. 



LAMARCK. This author included under the head of Polyps, the Infusoria and Rotifera, 

 together with the Corallina3 (Algae) and Sponges. The following are his subdivisions, 

 as given in the second edition of his work on Invertebrate Animals, with their equiva- 

 lents, where there are such, in the system adopted. 



ORDO I. POLYPI CILIATI. Includes the Infusoria and Rotifera. 



OHDO II. POLYPI DENUDATI, or naked polyps. A group of unrelated genera, compris- 

 ing the Hydrse, part of the Zoanthidae, and part of the Tubularidae. 



ORDO III. POLYPI VAGINATI, or coralligenous polyps, subdivided as follows : 



1. " Polypiers fluviatiles," somefresh-u-ater Bryozoa with the Spongillro. 



2. " Polypiers vaginiformcs." The Hydroidea, excepting the Hydrce, together with 

 some Bryozoa and Coralline Algae. 



3. " Polypiers d reseau." Mostly Bryozoa. 



4. " Polypiers foramines /" compact calcareous corals with small cells, without 

 rays. The Tubiporae of the Alcyonaria, and the Favosites, Catenipora: and Milleporae of 

 the Madrepore tribe, with some others. 



5. " Polyjners lamelliftres." Calcareous with rayed cells. The coralligenous As- 

 trasacea, Caryophyllacea, and the Madreporacea, excepting the Favosites, Catenipora?, 

 and Milleporas. 



6. " Polypiers corticiftres." The Antipathi and Gorgonidas, with many of the 

 Coralline Algas. 



7. " Polypiers empates." The Sponges, with some of the Coralline Alga?. 

 ORDO IV. POLYPI TUBIFERI. The family Alcyonidie. 



ORDO V. POLYPI NATANTES. The Pcnnatulidaj from among the Alcyonaria, together 

 with the family of Encrinites, which belong with Echinodcrms. 



LAMOUROUX. Lamouroux, excluding the first order of Lamarck, arranges Zoophytes 

 in three groups. 1. Those tJuit arc flexible or not entirely stony ; 2. Those that are 

 stony and not Jlexibk; and 3. Those that arc Jleshy (sarcoid) wit/tout a central axis. 

 He included in the first division, the Hydroidea, part of the Bryozoa, the Corallin:r, 

 Sponges, and Gorgonidae ; in the 2d. The remainder of the Bryozoa, the Caryophyllia, 

 Astnca, and Madrepore trites, together with the " Foramines" of Lamarck ; and in the 

 3d. The Alcyonia, Zoanthidsc, and other unallied species. 



SCHWEIGGER. Schweiggcr divides Zoophytes into Z. MONOIIYLA, and Z. HETERO- 



