374 ZOOPHYTES. 



GENUS IV. TURBINALIA. LAMARCK. 



Caryophyttida non gemmata, liberce, turbinatce, scepe compresscB; ceM 

 coralli scepius late excavata. 



Non-budding Caryophyllidse ; free, turbinate, often compressed ; cell 

 of the corallum usually broad, excavate. 



The Turbinalise are known only in the fossil state. Like the 

 Fungise, they are attached when young. The form is usually turbi- 

 nate, or compressed turbinate, and the exterior is commonly fine 

 striate. The cell is more or less broadly concave, and the texture of 

 the sides somewhat porous. 



The genus Phyllodes has been proposed by Philippi for compressed 

 cuneate species, with the base crenato-lobate. Still another distinct 

 group appears to be contained in the genus, characterized by having 

 a solid stellate bottom to the cell. The remainder are free Dendrb- 

 phylliae, with which group they agree in texture, the character of the 

 cell, and the smooth or finely striated exterior. 



This genus has included some of the free Euphyllia? ; but the 

 latter differ from them by the same characters, as from the simple or 

 young Dendrophyllise, viz. : the very narrow bottom of the cell (in- 

 stead of broad and porous) often quite concealed by the lamellee; the 

 thin compact sides, scarcely at all cellular; and the exterior striatures 

 of the calicles, corresponding to the lamell* within. Moreover, we 

 may conclude from analogy that, like the Dendrophyllise, the animals 

 of the TurbinaliaB differ in having a prominent subrostriform mouth. 

 From the turbinate Cyathophyllid*, they are removed by their tex- 

 ture below the cell, as they have nothing of the transverse septa cha- 

 racterizing those corals. 



This genus was instituted by Lamarck. The name is from the 

 Latin, turbo, a top, and alludes to the turbinate shape of the species. 

 Ehrenberg suggested the change in the orthography from Turbinolia 

 to Turbinalia, the former being incorrect. 



Turbinolia, Lamarck, ii. 359. Turbinalia, Ehrenberg, G. xviii. 



The genus Phyllodes is thus characterized by Philippi (Leonhard und Bronn, neues 

 Jahrb., 1841, 662), Tert, Calabr. " Liberum 1 explanatum, cuneatum, et in altera 

 extremitate lobatum ; pagina superior lamellis a busi truncata radiantibus medianis 



