498 ZOOPHYTES. 



a plicate margin. The fronds are porous, yet so firm as to ring when struck ; they arc 

 mostly half an inch thick, but thin out to an edge one-sixth of an inch thick. The 

 upper surface is covered with minute scabrous conical spines, and finely reticulate with 

 meandering ridgelets partially enclosing the cells. The under surface is plicate, but 

 nearly smooth, with numerous immersed cells for two and a half inches from the margin, 

 and occasionally one a little raised. The cells above are six-rayed. The species was 

 received by Esper, from the East Indies. 



The Madrepora foliosa of Pallas, and Forties rosacea of Lamarck and other authors, 

 are imperfectly known species. The foliosa, as figured by Ellis (Ellis and Solander, 

 tab. 52), may be an Echinopora, and such also appears to be Pallas's species. Seba's 

 Corattium infundibuliforme (Thes. iii., tab. 110, fig. 7), called M. foliosa, in Esper's 

 work (tab. 58, A.), and placed by Lamarck as synonymous with rosacea, may be the 

 M. lima (Agaricia lima, of Lamarck). 



11. MANOPORA EXPANSA. (Dana.) 



M. tenui-foliacea (1J-2'" crassa), late effusa et stolonifera, scepe patini- 

 formis, inter dum par tim incrustans, margine paula undulala, vixpli- 

 cata; subtus 2" animata ; tentaculis albis tuber culiformibus. Coral- 

 lum fragile, spinuloso-asperum, cettis minutis (fere "' latis), scepe 

 partim obvattatis; subtus caliculis tubiformibus, remotis, elongatis 

 (3'") appressis, et cellis spar sis. 



Thin foliaceous, (1 to 2 lines thick,) wide-spreading, and a little 

 ascending, often broad dish-shape, sometimes incrusting in part; 

 margin a little undulate, scarcely plicate ; below, alive for 2 inches 

 from the edge; tentacles white, tuberculiform. Corallum fragile, 

 spinuloso-asperate ; cells minute (nearly J of a line broad), often 

 imperfectly obvallate ; below, a few distant, long (3 lines), tubiform 

 calicles, close appressed to the folium, and also a few scattered cells. 



Plate 45, fig. 2, outline of a specimen, natural size ; 2 a, polyp, 

 enlarged ; 2 a', natural size of the same ; 2 b, part of a folium, showing 

 the upper and under surfaces ; 2 c, upper surface, with the cells magni- 

 fied ; 2 d, transverse section, magnified twelve diameters. 



Singapore, East Indies. Exp. Exp. 



This species grows in wide-spreading fronds, attached often at 

 centre, and having a broad dish-shape. The folia are brittle, and are 

 rough above, with slender spinules scarcely a line long. The under 

 surface for two inches or so is smooth, and contains a few distantly 



