BATRACHIAANOURA. 93 



their true affinities or relationships, any error in that respect will be 

 more readily corrected than from our description alone. 



Upon a careful examination of Plate LXXXIII, of the " Illustrations 

 of Indian Zoology," it will clearly appear that the figures of Bufo 

 carinatus and B. dubia, are identical with B. melanoetictus of 

 Schneider, or B. scaber of the French herpetologists. The general 

 shape of the body and head are most strikingly alike, as also the 

 granulation of the skin and pattern of coloration. In B. carinatus, 

 indeed, the warts are less developed ; but similar variations are of 

 frequent occurrence, and, in this case, could not be considered as a 

 specific difference. 



DESCR. The head, viewed from above, is triangular, almost as long 

 as broad, its sides being very declivous. The snout is truncated, 

 almost abruptly. The nostrils are lateral, nearly terminal, imme- 

 diately beneath the canthus rostralis. The upper surface of the head 

 is slightly concave ; from the tip of the snout, a double ridge, the 

 canthus rostralis, extends, diverging to the eyes, hence, obliquely 

 down in front of the orbit, to terminate half-way to the angle of the 

 mouth. A similar ridge is observed along the upper rim of the 

 orbit, connecting the cauthus rostralis, at the place where the latter 

 turns downwards in front of the eye, and extending obliquely behind 

 the eye, to pass in advance of the tympanum, after having sent off a 

 rather thick branch to the parotid glands, immediately across the 

 upper edge of the tympanum. The upper lid is covered with minute 

 granuliform glandulse. The tympanum is subcircular or vertically 

 ovoid. ' The upper jaw is very slightly emarginated, and the lower 

 one exhibits, upon its symphysis, a small knob. 



The parotid glands are rather narrow and elongated, rounded at 

 both extremities, extending beyond the shoulders, and slightly convex 

 inwardly. Small granules are irregularly spread over their surface ; 

 the pores being seen between the granules, and a good deal smaller 

 than the latter. 



The limbs are rather long and slender ; the first finger, which is as 

 long as the fourth, is a little longer than the second ; the third is the 

 longest. The toes are semi-palmated. There are two tubercles at the 

 base of the carpus; the inner one being the smallest. Minute granules 

 exist on the inferior surface of the fingers and toes, more conspicuously 

 than upon their upper surface. The tarsus has, likewise, two tubercles 



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