148 ORGANOGRAPHY. BOOK I. 



The filament also varies in other respects : in Thalictrum 

 it is thickest at the uj^per end, or davate (Plate III. fig. 23.); 

 in Mahernia geniculate (Plate III. fig. 25.), in Hirtella 

 spiral, in Ci'ambe hifurcate, in Anthericum bearded or stupose. 

 In some plants the filaments are combined into a solid body 

 called the colw7ina, as in Stapelia, Stylidium (Plate IV. fig. 1, 

 2, 3.), Rafilesia, and others : this has in Orchideae received 

 from Richard the name o^ gynostemium. 



Care must be taken not to confound the pedicel and single 

 stamen of the naked male flowers of Euphorbia with a fila- 

 ment, as was done by all writers, vuitil Brown detected the 

 error. For modifications of filaments see Plates III. and IV. 



The Anther ( Theca of Grew ; Cajjsula, Malpighi : Apex, 

 Ray ; Testicidus or Testis, Vaillant ; Capitulum, Jungius ; Sper- 

 matocystidium, Hedwig) is a body generally attached to the 

 apex of the filament, composed of two parallel lobes or cells 

 [theccB, or coniothecce, or locidi), containing pollen, and united 

 by tl\e connective. It consists entirely of cellular tissue, with 

 the exception sometimes of a bundle of very minute vascular 

 tissue, which diverges on each side from the filament, and 

 passes through that part of the anther from which the pollen 

 has been incorrectly supposed to separate, and which is 

 called the receptacle of the pollen by some, the trophopollen by 

 Tui'pin, and the raphe by Link, but with greater propriety 

 the septum of the anther. Its coat is called by Purkinje 

 exothecium. 



In the most common state of the anther the cells are parallel 

 with each other (Plate III. fig. 14.), and open with two 

 valves (Plate III. fig. 13. a), by a longitudinal fissure from 

 the base to the apex ; in Labiatae and Scrophularineas the 

 cells diverge more or less at the base (Plate III. fig. 15. 18.), 

 so as in some cases to assume the appearance of a one-celled 

 horizontal anther, especially after they have burst. In Cu- 

 curbitaceae the lobes are very long and narrow, sinuous, and 

 folded back upon themselves (Plate III. fig. 24.) In Salvia 

 the connective divides into two unequal portions, one of wliich 

 supports a cell and the other is cell-less ; in this case the 

 connective has been called by Richard, distractile. Lacistema 

 (Plate IV. fig. 7.) affords another instance of a divided con- 



