150 ORGANOGRAPHY. BOOK I. 



top, as in several Ericineae (Plate III. fig. 22.) ; or in the 

 two thecse being confluent at the apex, and bursting by a 

 common foramen or tube, as in Tetratheca (See Plate IV. 

 fio-. 4.). In other cases a separation of determinate portions 

 of the membrane takes place, either the whole length of the 

 theca, as in Hamamelideae and Berberideae, or corresponding 

 with its subdivisions, as in several Laurineas, or lastly, having 

 no obvious relation to internal structure as in certain species 

 of Rhizophora. In Laurineae and Berberideae the anthers are 

 technically said to burst by valves (Plate IV. fig. 10, 11.), 

 that is to say, the dehiscence does not take place by a. cen- 

 tral Ime, but the whole face of the cell separates from the 

 anther, and curls backwards, adhering to it only at the apex 

 to which it is, as it were, hinged. 



The cells of the anther have frequently little appendages, 

 as in different species of Erica, when they resemble setag, 

 aristae, or crests. (Plate III. fig. 29.) 



The anthers are attached to the filament either by their 

 base, when they are called innate (Plate III. fig. 27. 21. 23.), 

 or by their back, when they are adnate (Plate III. fig. 13.), 

 or by a single point of the connective from which they lightly 

 swing : in the latter case they are said to be versatile. This 

 form is common to all true Grasses. 



When the line of dehiscence is towards the pistil, the 

 anthers are called by Brown anticce, but by other botanists 

 introrsoB, or turned inwards : when the line is towards the 

 petals they are said by Brown to be posticoe^ and by other 

 botanists to be extrorsce, or turned ouiwards. 



The connective is usually continuous widi the filament, 

 and terminates j ust at the apex of the anther ; but in some 

 plants, as Compositae, it is articulated with the filament 

 (Plate IV. fig. 5.). In others it is lengthened far beyond the 

 apex (Plate IV. fig. 6. 9.), now into a kind of crest, as in many 

 Scitamineae ; now into a sort of horn, as in Asclepiadeae ; now 

 into a kind of secreting cup-like body articulated with the 

 apex, as in Adenostemon. Very frequently it is enlarged in 

 various ways. For cases of this kind see Plates III. and IV. 

 Its being sometimes two-lobed, or forked, has been already 

 noticed (Plate IV. fig. 7.). The lining of the anther has 



