CHAP. II. OVARY. 165 



these hairs are collected in a whorl below the stigma; in 

 Goodenoviffi they are united into a cup, in which the stigma is 

 enclosed, and which is called the indusium (Plate V. fig. 13. b). 

 Many styles which appear to be perfectly simple, as for 

 instance those of the Primrose, the Lamium, the Lily, or the 

 Borage, are in reality composed of several grown together ; as 

 is indicated by the lobes of their stigma, or by the number 

 of cells or divisions of their ovary. In Malva an example 

 may be seen of a partial union only of the styles, which are 

 distinct upwards, but united below. In speaking of styles in 

 this latter state, botanists are apt to describe them as divided 

 in different ways, which is manifestly an inaccurate mode of 

 expression. 



The stigma is the upper extremity of the style, without a 

 cuticle ; in consequence of which it has, almost uniformly, 

 either a humid or papillose surface. In the first case it is so 

 in consequence of the fluids of the style being allowed to flow 

 up through the intercellular passages of the tissue, there 

 being no cuticle to repress and conceal them ; in the latter 

 case the papillae are really the rounded sides of vesicles of 

 cellular tissue. When perfectly simple, it is usually notched 

 on one side, the notch corresponding with the side from which 

 the placenta arises : see the stigma of Rosa, Prunus, Pyrus, 

 and others. If it belongs to a single carpel (p. 143.), it is 

 either undivided, or its divisions, if any, are all placed side 

 by side, as in some Euphorbiaceae, Crocus, &c. ; but if it is 

 formed by the union of the stigmas of several carpels, its 

 lobes are either opposite each other, as in Mimulus, or placed 

 in a whorl, as in Geranium. Such being the case, it is always 

 to be understood that an apparently simple ovary, to which 

 two or more opposite stigmas belong, is really of a compound 

 nature, some of its parts being abortive, as in Composite. 



Nothing is, properly speaking, stigma, except the secreting 

 surface of the style ; it very often, however, happens, that the 

 term is carelessly applied to certain portions of the style. 

 For example, in the genus Iris, the three petaloid lobed styles 

 in the centre are called stigmata; while the stigma is in 

 reality confined to a narrow humid space at the back of each 

 style : in Labiatae, Bentham has shown that what is called a 



JNI 3 



