CHAP. II. CAUPOLOGY. 199 



One-seeded, one-celled, superior, iiideliisieut, hard, dry, wiili the iiuegu- 

 uients of the seed distinct from it. 



Linnaus includes this among his seeds, definhig it " semen tectum epider- 

 mide ossea." I have somewhere seen it named Spermidium; a good term if 

 it were wanted. M. Dcsvaux calls the nut of Anacardium a Xylodium- 



Examples. — Lithospermura, Borage. 



HI. Drupa. — Dru})c, — fig. 164. 



One-celled, one or two-seeded, superior, indehiscent, the outer coat(7WM- 

 cum) soft and fleshy, and separable from the inner or endocarpiwn (the stonej, 

 which is hard and bony ; proceeding from an ovarium which is perfectly 

 simple. This is the strict definition of the term drupa, which cannot strictly 

 be applied to any compound fruit, as that of Cocos, certain Verbenaceae, and 

 others, as it often is. Fruits of the last description are generally carcerules 

 with a drupaceous coat. The stone of this fruit is the 2\^ux of Richard, but not 

 of others. 



Examples. — Peach, Plum, Apricot. 



1\^ FoLLicuLus. — Follicle (Hemigyrus, Desvaux ; Plopocarpium, Desv.), 



One-celled, one or many-seeded, one-valved, superior, dehiscent by a 

 suture along its face, and bearing its seeds at the base, or on each margin of 

 the suture. Tiiis differs from the legumen in nothing but its having one 

 valve instead of two. The Hemigyrus of Desvaux is the fruit of Proteaceae, 

 and differs from the follicle in nothing of importance. When several follicles 

 are in a single flower, as in Nigella and Delphinium, they constitute a form of 

 fruit called Plopocarpium by Desvaux, and admitted i.ito his Etterio by 

 Mirbel. 



Examples. — Paonia, Banksia, Nigella. 



V. Legumen. — Poc/ (Legumen, Linn. ; Gousse, Fr.),Jig. 137, 138. 

 One-celled, one or many-seeded, two-valved, superior, dehiscent by a suture 



along both its face and its back, and bearing its seeds on each margin of the 

 ventral suture. This difiers from tiie follicle in nothing except its dehiscing by 

 two valves. In Astragalus two spurious cells are forined by the projection 

 inwards of either the dorsal or ventral suture, which forms a sort of dissepiment ; 

 and in Cassia a great number of transverse diaphragms (phragmata) are formed 

 by projections of the placenta. Sometimes the legumen is indehiscent, as in 

 Cathartocarpus, Cassia fistula, and others ; but the line of dehiscence is in such 

 species indicated by the presence of sutures. When the two sutures of the 

 legumen separate from the valves, they form a kind of frame called replum, as 

 in Carmichaelia. 



Examples. — Bean, Pea, Clover. 



VI. LojiENTUM. — (Legumen lomentaceura. Rich.) 



Differs from the legumen in being contracted in the spaces between such 

 seed, and there separating into distinct pieces, or indehiscent, but divided by 

 internal spurious dissepiments, whence it appears at maturity to consist of many 

 articulations and divisions. 



Example. — Ornithopus. 



Class II. Fruit aggregate. AGGREGATL 



Ovaria stricllj/ simple ; more than a single series produced hi/ each Jlowcr. 



o 4 



