CHAP. II. CARPOLOGY. '201 



XIII. Samara, Gcertn. ; — AVj/. ( Pteridium, Mlrb.; Pterodiuin, ZJfsi;.),/g. 143. 

 Two or more celled, superior; cells few-seeded, indehiscent, dry ; elongated 



into wing-like expansions. This is nothing but a modification of the Carcerule. 

 Examples. Fraxinus, Acer, Ulmus. 



XIV. Pyxidium (Pyxidium, Ehr., Rich., Mirb. ; Capsula circumscissa, L.), 



Jig. 153. 



One-celled, many-seeded ; superior, or nearly so ; dry, often of a thin tex- 

 ture ; dehiscent by a transverse incision, so th»t when ripe the seed and their 

 placenta appear as if seated in a cup, covered with a lid. This fruit is one- 

 celled by the obliteration of the dissepiments of several carpella, as is apparent 

 from the bundles of vessels which pass from the style through the pericarpium 

 down into the receptacle. 



Example. Anagallis. 



XV. CoNCEPTACuLiiM, ( Conccptaculum, Linn. ; Double Follicule, Mirb.), 



jig. 139, 140. 



Two-celled, many-seeded, superior, separating into two portions, the seeds 

 of which do not adhere to marginal placentse, as in the folliculus, to which this 

 closely approaches, but separate from their placentae, and lie loose in the cavity 

 of each cell. 



Examples. Asclepias, Echites. 



XVI. SiHQUA, Linn. Jig. 155, 156, 157. 



One or two-celled, many-seeded, superior, linear, dehiscent by two valves 

 separating fiom the replum ; seeds attached to two placentas adhering to the 

 replum, and opposite to the lobes of the stigma. The disLepiment of this fruit 

 is considered a spurious one formed by the projecting placentas, which some- 

 times do not meet in the middle ; in which case the dissepiment or phragma 

 has a slit in its centre, and is said to bejenestrate. 



XVII. — SiLicuLA, Linn. 



This differs from the latter in nothing but its figure, and in containing fewer 

 seeds. It is never more than four times as long as broad, and often much shorter. 

 Examples. Thlaspi, Lepidium, Lunaria. 



XVIII. Ceratium. — (Capsula siliquiformis, Dec. : Conceptaculum, Desv.) 

 One-celled, many-seeded, superior, linear, dehiscent by two valves separat- 

 ing from the replum ; seeds attached to two spongy placentae adhering to the 

 replum, and alternate with the lobes of the stigma. Differs from the siliqua in 

 the lobes of the stigma being alternate with tlie placentae, not opposite. This, 

 therefore, is regular, while that is irregular in structure. 



Examples, Glaucium, Corydalis, Hypecoum. 



XIX. Capsula, Capsule,Jig. 146, 147. 151, 152. 135, 136. 



One or many-celled, many-seeded, superior, dry, dehiscent by valves, always 

 proceeding from a compound ovarium. The valves are variable in their 

 nature : usually they are at the top of the fruit, and equal in number to the 

 cells ; sometimes they are twice the number ; occasionally they resemble little 

 pores or holes below the summit, as in the Antirhinum. 



Examjyles. Digitalis, Primula, Rhododendron. 



XX. Amfhisarca. — (Amphisarca, Desv.) 



