CHAP. II. CARPOLOGY. 203 



and liaving but one ovulum. Such is the true structure of the Achcniuni; 

 but as that term is often applied to the simple superior fruits, called Nux by 

 Linnaeus, I have thought it better, in order to avoid confusion, to adopt the 

 name Cypsela. 



Examples. All Composite. 



XXVI. Cremocarpium (Cremocarpium, Mirb. ; Polakenium, or Pentake- 



nium. Rich. ; Carpadelium, Desv.),Jig. 154, 155. 159, 160. 



Two to five-celled, inferior; cells one-seeded, indehiscent, dry, perfectly 

 close at all times; when ripe separating from a common axis. M. Mirbil 

 confines the application of Cremocarpium to Umlielliferce ; but it is better to 

 let it apply to all fruits which will come within the above definition. It will 

 then be the same as Richard's Polakenium, excluding those forms in which the 

 fruit is superior. The latter botanist qualifies his term Polakenium according 

 to the number of cells of the fruit : thus when there are two cells it is diakenium, 

 three triakenium, and so on. M. De Candolle calls the half of the fruit of 

 Umbelliferae mericarp. 



Examples. Umbelliferae, Aralia, Galium. 



XXVII. DiPLOTEGiA (Diplotegia, Dtsv.), fig. 145. 



One or many-celled, many-seeded, inferior, dry, usually bursting either by 

 pores or valves. This differs from the Capsule only in being adherent to the 

 calyx. 



Exatnples. Campanula, Leptospermum. 



B. Pericarpium fleshy. 



XXVIII. PoMUM, Apple or Pome. — (Melonidium, Bzc/;. ; Pyridium, 3/iVi. ,- 

 Pyrenarium, Z)esOTMJ; ; Antrava, Moench.) fig. 166. 



Two or more celled, few-seeded, inferior, indehiscent, fleshy ; the seeds dis- 

 tinctly enclosed in dry cells, with a bony or cartilaginous lining, formed by the 

 cohesion of several ovaria with the sides of the fleshy tube of a calyx, and some- 

 times with each other. These ovaria are called parietal by M. Richard. Some 

 forms of Nuculanium and this differ only in the former being distinct from the 

 calyx. 



Examples- Apple, Cotoneaster, Crataegus. 



XXIX. Pepo. — (Peponida, Rich.) 



One-celled, many-seeded, inferior, indehiscent, fleshy ; the seeds attached to 

 parietal pulpy placentae. This fruit has its cavity frequently filled at maturity 

 with pulp, in which the seeds are imbedded ; their point of attachment is, how- 

 ever, never lost. The cavity is also occasionally divided by projections of the 

 placenta into spurious cells, which has given rise to the belief that in Pepo Ma- 

 crocarpus there is a central cell, which is not only untrue but impossible. 



Examples. Cucumber, Melon, Gourd. 



XXX. Bacca, ^erry (Bacca, i. ; Acrosarcum, Desvaux), fig. 161. 

 Many-celled, many-seeded, inferior, indehiscent, pulpy ; the attachment of 



the seeds lost at maturity, when they become scattered in the substance of the 

 pulp. This is the true meaning of the term berry ; which is, however, often 

 otherwise applied, either from mistaking nucules for seeds, or from a mis- 

 apprehension of the strict limits of the term. 

 Exiunple. - Ribes. 



