strain resistant to P. glumarum, called Lillle Joss. This 

 strain is now grown very extensively in England 

 (Read Biffen's Systematized Plant Breeding in Science and 

 the Nation, 1917). 



Chapter 19— EUGENICS AND EUTHENICS 



In the section entitled "Heredity and Inheritance," 

 attention was called to Nature and Nurture as factors 

 that influence the organism. By Nature was meant 

 the Inheritance, and by Nurture the result of the environ- 

 mental influences, such as climate, food supply, functional 

 activities, etc. 



Natural Selection undoubtedly played an important 

 part in man's early period of development, when there was 

 a constant struggle for existence with wild animals, his sur- 

 roundings, and his own fellow men. In these modern days, 

 however, man has almost freed himself from the sway of 

 Natural Selection, as we ordinarily understand it. Many 

 agencies now exist specially for the care of persons who 

 would have perished in the struggle of existence in days of 

 savagery. The weak are protected, and there is no special 

 premium on strong, healthy individuals. There is, it is 

 true, a process of social selection in operation, but this does 

 not serve the purpose of Natural Selection. 



Much study has been given in recent years to devising 

 plans for the improvement of society. These may be 

 grouped into two types: 



1. the improvement of the human breed ; giving rise to the 

 science of Eugenics; and 



2. the making of beautiful and wholesome surroundings 

 and the selection of heathful and educative occupa- 

 tions; giving rise to the science of Euthenics. 



In Great Britain and other countries the population, we 

 are told, is being recruited from their inferior stock, for 50% 

 of the children born are produced by one-eight of the total 

 adult population. Pearson has investigated the number 

 per family of many grades and kinds of stock n Great 

 Britain and has found that the highest (7.0) occurs in path- 

 ological stock, and the lowest in well-to-do and professional 

 classes (1.5-2.0). As at least four children to a family are 

 required, under average conditions, to maintain its numbe s 

 undiminished from generation to generation, it can be 

 easily seen that the inferior stock is being maintained and 

 increased. 



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