, hap. xvi. 1 GENERAL CHARACTERS. 255 



condition in some of the lower vertebrates. 1 Fig. 85 

 represents the manus in one of its most complete, and at 

 the same time most generalized, forms, as seen in one of 

 the Water Tortoises (Chelydra serpentina). 



The carpus consists of two principal rows of bones, an 

 upper or proximal row, containing three bones, to which 

 ( le^enbaur has applied the terms radiate (r), intermedium (1), 

 and ulna re (u), the first being on the radial or preaxial side 



plG. 85.— Dorsal surface of the right manus of a Water Tortoise {Chelydra ser- 

 pentina , after Gesjenbaur. u ulna; R radius; u ulnare; /intermedium; r radia'e ; 

 ccentrale; i — 5 the five bones of the distal row of the carpus; m x — »?5 the five 

 metacarpals. 



of the limb. The lower, or distal, row contains five bones, 

 called carpale i, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively, commencing on 

 the radial side. Between these two rows, in the middle of 



• carpus, is a single bone, the centrale (e). 

 n this very symmetrical carpus, it will be observed that 

 the radia/e supports on its distal side two bones, carpale 1 



See Gegenbaur, " UntersuchuKgen zur Vergleichenden Anatomie,'' 

 Heft, Carpus und Tarsus. 1864. 



