136 



THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CWIMON CRAYFISH. 



of what occurs in other animals, however, leaves no douht 

 that an actual mixture of the male and female ele- 

 ments takes place and constitutes the essential part of 

 the process of impregnation. 



Ova to which spermatozoa have had no access, 

 give rise to no progeny ; but, in the impregnated ovum, 

 the 5'oung crayfish takes its origin in a manner to he 

 described below, when the question of development is 

 dealt with. 



Fig. 35. — Astacus Jinriatilis. — The last thoracic stemnni, seen from 

 behind, with the proximal ends of the appendages, A, in the male, 

 B, in the female, ( x 3). am, articular membrane : crj), coxopo- 

 dite ; st XIV, last thoracic sternum ; r<l. aperture of vas deferens. 



