secondary appendages to petals; apparcntl}' in some cases the androecium is in more 

 than two whorls, or the inner series is staminodal. Fruiis as berry-forms with i or 

 several seeds. The family is essentially tropical, and was based on Siipo/n of Trop. 

 Amer. the fruit of Achras Sapota, Sapodilla. 



Palaquium Gutta, Gutta Percha, a large tree of evergreen forest, Malay : 

 leaves and shoots with rusty tomcntum ; flowers small, clustered in leaf-axils, 

 6-merous : stamens 12-18, ovary 6-locuIar. P . oblongifoUum ; fruits larger, similar, 

 exploited. 



P, ellipticum, a tall tree, 100 ft., of W. Ghats (4,000 ft.), Flowers i in., stalked 

 in the manner of Bassia ; stamens 12-18, Fruits \\ in. 



Bassia latifolia (= lUipe), a large tree of deciduous forest of C. Ind., cult. 

 (Mohwa) ; leaves and flowers clustered at ends of branches ; flowering on bare stems 

 with the young leaves ; flowers on 2 in. stalks, with massive fleshy corolla-tube, more 

 or less drooping, with small floral aperture, soon dropped, and taken by animals. 

 Calyx of 4-5 free segments, petals 8-10, corolla-tube 8 mm. by 10, and 2 mm. thick, 

 with small free lobes. Androecium of 16-20(30) stamens in 2 (3) alternating series, 

 enclosed in corolla-tube. Gynoecium of 8 carpels, 8-loculi, each i ovule: Style 

 30 mm. projecting from corolla-lube ; honey-secretion copious. Fruit a greenish- 

 yellow berry, 1-2 in. with 1-4 seeds. Cf. : — 



B. longifoUa, representative species of S. India, essentially similar. 



B. Parki'i {^= Bu/yiosp£r?num) of W. Africa gives ' butter ' from cotyledons of 

 large seeds ; 8-merous, with 8 functional stamens, and inner series of 8 petaloid stam- 

 inodes. Fruit with i large seed. Cf. B. butyracea of E. Sub-Himalya. 



Mimusops Elengi, a large evergreen tree of dry forest of S. India, much cult. ; 

 Howers white, fragrant, i in. diam. ; calyx 4-I-4, corolla of 8 petals, each with 2 

 petaloid appendages, the former convergent on stamens, the latter divergent ; stamens 

 8 antipet., and 8 alternating staminodes: style simple, ovary with 8 antipet. loculi, 

 each I ovule. Fruit i in., pale yellow, i-seeded. (The corolla with androecium shed 

 in one piece, with ' daisy-effect ' in daisy chains.) 



M, hexandra, a small evergreen tree of C. and S. India (100 ft. in Ceylon), 

 much cult., Flowers 6-merous, \ in. diam., petals yellow, with bilobed white accessory 

 segments : stamens 6, and 6 staminodal processes. Fruit \ in., yellow. 



JSI. littoraUs, a large evergreen tree of sand-hill coast-forest of Andamans, flowers 

 6-merous, fruiis i^in., with several seeds. 



M. globosa of Trop. S. Amer., Balata, flowers 6-merous of similar construciion, 

 13 mm. diam., daisy-like on long-stalks, petals with paired accessory lobes. Stamens 

 6 antipet. with 6 staminodes. 



INFERAE [Gen. Plant., 1876) comprising the most highly organized of the 

 gamopetalous phyla, presenting the additional specialization of an ' inferior ' ovary 

 (epigyny), as also the limiting condition of meiocycly (= Tetracyclicae) of the type 

 .5S + 5P + 5A -f 2G. 



Rubiaeeae (346/4500), a remarkable group, founded on the European Rubia 

 (IMadder). and extended to a wide range of tropical trees with opposite leaves and 

 generalized actinomorphic floweis on these lines. Leaves ' opposite and stipulate ' 

 have been regarded as more essential than reduction of ovary-contents or axile 

 placental ion. 



Cinchona officinalis, evergreen tree of mountain-forest of Andes, cult, in vars. 

 (Nilgiris); flowers small in red clustered cymes, 5-merous; corolla tubular, 15 mm., 

 silky, valvale in bud ; style slender, with 2 short stigmaiic lobes. Fruit dehiscing by 

 2 valves, along septa ; seeds many, small and flat, with membranous wing on margin. 



Hymenodictyon excelsum, a large tree of deciduous forest, leaves simple, 

 petiolate ; Flowers white, fragrant, in dense cylindrical panicled systems ; corolla-tube 



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