Also note Talaiima Hodgsoni'xw Hill-forest, Nepal, more generalized in gynoecium , 

 in fiuit this becomes an erect and massive conoid aggregate, 4-6 in., witii woody 

 carpels (100 or more), dehiscing normally by 'ventral' suture, and coming away 

 from the axis. 



Anonaeeae (46/800), based on American forms of A/iona (1808), and extended 

 to a wide range of trees essentially of tropical forest, with simple leaves, exstipulate. 

 Flowers usually hermaphrodite and trimerous in perianth, of the type 3 ' sepals ', 

 3 + 3 ' petals ', giving floral mechanisms of high specialization, fly-pollinated ' chamber- 

 types ', often large and highl)'-coloured. The floral receptacle is usuall)' condensed ; 

 the androecium of indefinite stamens with irregular arrangement as a platform of 

 anther-facets ; gynoecium indefinite of free carpels, the ovary-region reduced, and a 

 specialized stigmatic surface. In fruit the carpels enlarge, with great range, often 

 long-stalked, i -seeded or many-seeded, succulent or wood)-. The seeds are large, 

 with small embryo in a conspicuously ruminated endosperm. 



Wholly distinct from Magnoliaceae in fruit and seetl-organization, convergent in 

 elementary floral construction with trimerous perianth and small stamens and carpels 

 closely compacted to a platform-mechanism, pollinated in a half-closed bud condition. 

 Indian genera 15, \\-\z\\yiXm% Saccopctalum and Miliusa of deciduous forest, Polyalthia, 

 Unona, Uvaria, Anona. In the most characteristic floral mechanism the valvate 

 ' petals ' close in over the essential organs to constitute a damp protected chamber, 

 access to which is permitted by slits or windows left between the petals. The original 

 dehiscent fruit is seen in Anaxagorea zeylanica, a mere shrub; in others it is in- 

 dehiscent, and each carpel tends to be sclerosed to a sub-spherical nut-like body, 

 often long-stalked ; a ' head ' of fruits being in such case produced from one flower 

 {Polyalthia). In ^«o«a the entire aggregate of carpels may become coalescent and 

 succulent, giving an edible many-seeded massive fruit; cf. A. squamosa, Sweet-Sop, 

 cult, in tropics; flowers small greenish, 2 in., perianth of type 3 -)- 3 -i- 3 ; aggregate of 

 stamens hemispherical ; the fruiting gynoecium enlarges to 2-4 in. diam., with seeds 

 in soft succulent pulp: also A. muricata, Sour Sop, with pointed carpel-facets, A. 

 reticulata. Custard Apple, also cult., fruit with pentagonal facets. 



Canangium odoratum, evergreen tree, 30-60 ft., of E. Indies, commonly 

 cult. ; flowers in racemes of 2-6, drooping on long stalks : calyx of 3 sepals reflexed, 

 corolla 3-1-3, petals to 3 in. long, yellow, very fragrant and convergent over floral apex 

 to an approximate chamber, ultimately lax. Androecium of about 200 stamens, 



2 mm., closely compacted to a button-like mass, 10 mm. across; connective-apex as 

 a spike. Gynoecium of 10-12 carpels; ovary-region with many ovules, and the 

 stigmatic ends enlarged and fused to a central stigmatic head. Mechanism proto- 

 gynous, fly-pollinated. Fruit a cluster of hard black ' berries ' 20 mm., with slight 

 sarcocarp, each containing 6-10 seeds with ruminated endosperm. 



Goniothalamus Griifithii, a small tree of the South and Burma, with typical 

 flowers : sepals 3 ovate, 9 mm. ; petals 3-1-3, the outer whorl massive, 3 in., leathery ; 

 the 3 inner alternating, 2 mm. thick below, 20 mm. long, cohering by valvate edges 

 (with interlocking papillae) to a club-shaped chamber over the essential organs, leav- 

 ing at the base 3 window-apertures (5 mm.) to the interior. Androecium of about 

 100 stamens, 3 mm., closely packed. Gynoecium of about 20 carpels, free, closely 

 packed on flat receptacle-apex ; ovary 3 mm., with ovules 4-5 seriate; style bent, 



3 mm., with stigmatic flap. In fruit the carpels are 1-2 seeded, giving indehiscent 

 berry-like structures on stalks, i in. 



Saecopetalum tomentosum {Uvaria\ a large tree in Sal forest and South : 

 flowers 2-3 in. long. Fruiting carpels dark-purple, i in. diam., on \ in. stalks, 

 3-4 seeded. 



Miliusa velutina, a tree of C. India and Sub-Himalya, 3 inner petals long, 

 silky and velvety externally, dark-purple inside. Fruit a rounded cluster of stalked 

 carpels, each \ in. diam. 



