Bambusa Tulda, common Bamboo of N. India on alluvial flats by streams, 

 gregarious, cult., flowering casually ; culms densely tufted, 20-70 ft., internodes 

 1-2 ft., and 2-4 in. diam. ; sheaths 6-9 in. long, investing and guiding the young 

 growth : foliage-lamina 6-10 in. by i. Flowering-culms leafless, producing an 

 immense multibranched panicle ; spikelets clustered, 1-3 in. long, with 4-6 fertile 

 flowers ; stamens 3-1-3, anthers exserted, purple, stigmas 3 ; fruit (caryopsis) 8 mm. 

 long, grooved on one side, shed 'clean ' from pales. 



B. arundinaeea. Thorny Bamboo of Cent. India, cult., gregarious in moist 

 deciduous forest, and by streams, monocarpic : culms 50-120 ft., internodes 

 12-18 in., and 6-7 diam., walls thick (1-2 in.) ; leaves small and thin (8 in.). Large 

 leafy branches bending over, and branchlets with sharp spines at nodes, entangled : 

 spikelets sessile, i in., 6 stamens and 3 long plumose stigmas. Culms flower out 

 gregariously. 



B. polymorpha of damp deciduous forest, and gregarious with Teak in Burma ; 

 tufted culms 60-80 ft., internodes 12-30 in. and 3-6 diam. with relatively thin walls. 

 Tops branched, gracefully bent, with branches in ' half-wliorls ' : foliage-leaves 

 4-6 in., spikelets sessile, clustered, i in. ; Fertile flowers 3, with several empty glumes. 

 Monocarpic, flowering out gregariously at long intervals (60 years). 



Dendroealamus strictus, ' Male Bamboo ', commonest and hardiest of Indian 

 sp., in dry deciduous forest, with Teak (Myinwa). Culms 20-50 ft. high, and 2-3 in. 

 diam., or i in. and solid in dry regions : leaves 4-10 in., linear : Inflorescence a distinct 

 xeromorphic type ; spikelets hairy in globose stellate heads, i in. diam., with hard- 

 tipped glumes, ' empty ' glumes, numerous and assisting protection, fertile flowers 2-3 : 

 stamens 3 + 3, no lodicules, and i hairy elongated stigma. Caryopsis enclosed in 

 hard pale-sheath ; flowering casually or gregariously. 



D. Hamiltoni, culms to So ft. and 6-7 in diam., arcuate in dense thickets, 

 Biirma, and cult., flowering sporadically ; flower capitula semi-globose, lA in. Con- 

 spicuous eye-like marks on lower nodes from suppressed buds. 



D. giganteus, of Burma, Wabo, the largest stem; densely tufted, culms to 

 100 ft. and 8-12 in. diam., wall i in. thick. Spikelets ^ in., 2-5 in aggregate, on long 

 spikes, spaced about -^ in. 



Cephalostaehyum pergracile, Tinwa, commonest Bamboo of Burma : tufted 

 culms 30-40 ft., 2-3 in. diam., leaves 6-14 in.; flowering gregariously ; Inflorescence 

 of small globose heads, spaced at 2-3 in. on wiry raniuli of a large leafless panicle : 

 spikelets wiih many empty glumes and few fruits. 



Meloeanna bambusioides the most aberrant form, gregarious, Arakan : Culms 

 distant, from vigorous rhizome extending laterally, 40-70 It. high, 1-3 in. diam., bare 

 below ; panicle 3 ft. and spikelets fascicled at the nodes, more or less diclinous, 

 stamens 34-3. Monocarpic, flowering out at intervals of 30 years or so, for hundreds 

 of sq. miles ; the characteristic fruit increases to the size of an inverted pear, 3-4 in., with 

 long pointed beak ; the massive wall stores starch, without special protective mechanism 

 or vitality, the single large seed, -f in., has no endosperm, but a massive scutellum 10 

 the small ' embrj-o '-region. On germination the scutellum digests directly from the 

 ovary-wall. 



GYMNOSPERMS: I. Coniferae — Pinoids, restricted to representative 

 species of N. Temp, genera in Himalya and Hill-forest. 



Pinus exeelsa. Blue Himalyan Pine, gregarious at 6-12,000 ft., to 100-150 ft. 

 high, cones 6-12 in., in groups of 2-5, with soft scales and terminal umbo of 

 P. Strobus type ; cones ripened in second season. Five-needled. 



P. longifolia, Chir, g;regarious in outer Himalya at 1,500-3,000 ft. ; cones large 

 and massive, 6-8 in., with hooked apophyses, ripened \w second season : leaves 

 slender and pendulous, to 18 in. Three-needled. 



Also cf. P. Khasya, gregarious in Burma, cones 2-3 in.; P. Gerardiana of NW. 



49 D 



