ORTHOPTERA. 141^ 



mity of Avhich are inserted numerous — thirty according to M. Du- 

 four — hepatic vessels with a beak-like termination, a circumstance 

 which removes these Insects from the Coleoptcra, and approximates 

 them to the other Orthoptera and to the Hymenoptera ; and finally, 

 of a small intestine, a caecum, and a rectum. The rectum, like that 

 of several Hymenoptera, presents well circumscribed, muscular emi- 

 nences, on Avhich, by the aid of the microscope, we can discern 

 highly ramified expansions of the trachepe. According to M. Dufour, 

 the apparatus of the genital organs differs essentially in various 

 points from tliat of the Coleoptera and Orthoptera. Thus, for in- 

 stance, the vesiciil?e seminales, instead of being arranged symmetri- 

 cally in pairs, consist of a single reservoir. Each testis is composed 

 of two elongated, and more or less contiguous seminal capsules. 

 The form of the ovaries, considered in mass, varies greatly, accord- 

 ing to the species. Sometimes they resemble two clusters of grapes, 

 and sometimes two bundles. In those females which have never been 

 fecundated, the ovigerous sheaths have successive strangulations, 

 which give them the form of the beads of a rosary. We can pursue 

 no further the observations of this savant, either in relation to the 

 organs of respiration, Avhich consist in tubular tracheae, or to the ap- 

 paratus of sensation, or to the splanchnic adipose pulp. It has been 

 said, that the second joint of the tarsi was bilobate : he observes, that 

 it is simply dilated beneath, near the extremity, in the form of a re- 

 versed heart, and without emargination. He marks the two species 

 submitted to his scalpel by detailed and rigorous characters *. 



These Insects are very common in cool and damp places, frequently 

 collect in troops under stones and the bark of trees, are very injuri- 

 ous to our cultivated fruits, devour even their dead congeners, and 

 defend themselves with their pincers, Avhich frequently vary in form, 

 according to the sex. It has been thought that they insinuate them- 

 selves into the ear, and to this they owe their name. 



F. auricularia, L.; De Geer, Mem. Insect., Ill, xxv, 16, 25. 

 Length, half an inch; brown; head red ; margin of the thorax 

 greyish; legs an ochraceous yellow; fourteen joints in the an- 

 tennae. 



The two sexes in coitu are united end to end. The female 

 keeps careful watch over her eggs, and for some time over her 

 young ones. 



F. minor, L.; De Geer, lb., pi. xxv, 26, 27. Two-thirds 

 smaller than the auricularia; brown; head and thorax black; 

 legs yellow ; eleven joints in the antennas. Found more parti- 

 cularly about dung-hills -j-. 



* For other details, see his Memoir in the Ann. des Sc. Nat. XIII, .337- Ac- 

 cording to the same naturalist, these Insects should form a particular order, which he 

 calls that of the Lahidowes. INI. Kirby had previously established it under the de- 

 nomination of Dermaptera. Doctor Leach divides the remaining Orthoptera into 

 two other orders. Those in which the wings are plaited and longitudinal, and where 

 the suture of the elytra is straight, form that of the Orthoptera proper. Those in 

 ■which the elytra cross each other, the wings still remaining as usual, constitute that 

 of the Dictuopfera. 



t Add F. bipuiiciata, Fab.; Panz., Faun. Insect. Germ., LXXXVIII, lO; — F. 



