LEPIDOPTERA. 277 



most frequently the former, are raised perpendicularly when the 

 Insect is at rest. The antennae are sometimes terminated by a glo- 

 buliform inflation or little club, and are sometimes almost of equal 

 thickness throughout, or even more slender, and form a hooked point 

 at the extremity. 



This family comprises the genus 



Papilio Lin. 



The larvse always have sixteen feet. The Chrysalides are almost 

 always naked, are attached by the tail, and most commonly angular. 

 The perfect Insect, always provided with a proboscis or trunk, flies 

 during the day only, and the colours which ornament the under part 

 of the wings do not yield in beauty to those which decorate their 

 superior surface. 



We will divide these Insects into two sections. 



Those of the first have but a single pair of spurs or spines to their 

 tibiae, which are found on their posterior extremity. Their four 

 wings are raised perpendicularly when at rest. Their antennae are 

 sometimes inflated at the extremity, globuliform, or in a little club 

 truncated and rounded at the summit, and sometimes almost filiform. 



This section includes the genus Papilio and the Hesperi^e ruri- 

 colcB of the system of Fabricius. 



We may divide this section, extremely rich in species, in the 

 following manner. 



1. Those in which the third joint of the inferior palpi is sometimes 

 almost wanting, and sometimes very distinct, but as well furnished 

 with scales as the preceding one, and in which the hooks of the tarsi 

 are very apparent or salient. 



Their caterpillars are elongated and almost cylindrical. Their 

 chrysalides are almost always angular, sometimes smooth, but en- 

 closed in a rude cocoon. 



Of these, there are some — the Hexapoda — in which all the feet 

 are adapted for walking, and are almost identical in both sexes *. 

 Their chrysalis, in addition to the ordinary posterior attachment, is 

 fixed by a silken thread over its body. That of some is enclosed in a 

 rude cocoon. The central cell of the lower wing is closed inferiorlyf. 



* The Papilios properly so called, or those belonging to the Linnaean division of 

 the Equites, are connected by one extremity of the series with the mottled Danaides, 

 and by the other with the Parnassii. From the latter we pass to Thais, and thence 

 to Pieris. The preceding Danaides connect themselves with the Heliconii. From 

 this it follows that we should begin the series of the diurnal Lepidoptera with the 

 Tetrapoda such as Satyrus, Pavonia, Morpho and Nymphalis, in order to reach the 

 Heliconii through Argynnis and Cethosia. The Diurnse would be divided into two 

 great sections ; those whose chrysalids are suspended vertically, and simply at- 

 tached by the extremity of their tail, and those where they are not only fixed by 

 that extremity, but also by a silken band surrounding the body like a sling. The 

 first are always tetrapodous. We would begin with those of which the caterpillars 

 are naked or nearly so, and generally bifid at the posterior extremity ; then would 

 come those where they are spinous. 



t I employed this character in my Gener. Crust, et Insect; Dalman and Godart 

 have geaeralized its application ia relation to this family. 



