326 INSECTA. 



eyes of the males are always very large and approximated or con- 

 tiguous. 



Here, as in the preceding subgenus, the liead is destitute of ocelli ; 

 the eyes of the females are cmarginated on the inner side, in the form 

 of a crescent. 



SiMULiUM, Lat. Meig. — CvhY,x, Lrn. — Rhagio, Fab., 

 Where the antennae are somewhat hooked at the end, and hence 

 the name of Atraciocera, first given to this subgenus by Meigen. 

 They are very small Insects, frequent low, wet woods, and annoy vis 

 by the severity of their bite. They sometimes penetrate into the 

 genital organs of cattle and kill them. They, as well as the Culices, 

 haA'e been called Musquetoes *. 



7Miere, the three ocelli are distinct. 



One single subgenus approaches -Simulium in the lunated eyes of 

 the females, and is distinguished from all others of this division by 

 its very small palpi, that present but one distinct joint. It is the 



ScATHOPSE, Geoff., Meig., Illig. 

 One species of this subgenus, the 



S. latrmarum ; Tipula latrinarum, De Geer, is very common 

 in privies, particularly in autumn f. 



Penthetria, Meig., 

 AVhere the eyes are entire and separated in both sexes. The legs 

 are long and destitute of spines %. 



DiLOPHUs, Meig. — Hirtea, Fah., 

 Formerly confounded with the Bibiones; the eyes are contiguous in 

 the males, and occupy nearly the whole head. A range of small spines 

 crowns the extremity of their anterior tibiae §. 



Finally, the last of the floral Tipularise have but eight or nine 

 joints in their antennas. Those species, in which they consist of 

 nine, forming an almost cylindrical and perfoliate club, compose the 

 subgenus 



BiBio, Geoff., Meig. — Hirtea, Fab. 



The Bibiones are heavy Insects, fly but seldom, and remain a long 

 time in coitu. Som.e, very common in the gardens of France, have 

 received names which indicate the time of their appearance ; such 

 are the Moiu:lie.s de St. Marc, Mouches de St. Jean. The two sexes 

 very often differ greatly as to colour, as is observed in the 



B. hch'iidana ; Tipula hortidaiia, L., the female; F. marci, 

 L., the male ; Geoff., Ins., II, xix, 3. The male is all black ; the 

 thorax of the female is a cherry-red, her abdomen yellowish-red, 

 and the rest of her body black. Very common on flowers in 

 the spring. 

 It is thought that these Insects gnaw the buds of plants. Their 



* Lat., Gen. Crust. Insect,, IV, 262. 

 t Lat., Meig., Fab. 

 + See Meigen. 

 § Meig., Ibid. 



