418 ENTOZOA. 



the body. Each of the latter has one or two pores differently situ- 

 ated, according to the species, Avhich appear to be tlie orifices of 

 ovaries that are placed in the thickness of the joints, where they are 

 sometimes simple, and at others ramous. The Taeniae are among 

 the most cruel enemies of the animals in which they are developed, 

 and which are apparently exhausted by them. 



In some, there is no projecting part in the four suckers. Such in 

 Man is the 



T. lata, Rud.; T. vulgaris, Gm.; Goetz., XLI, 5 — 9. (The 

 Common Tape-worm.) The joints are broad, short, and fur- 

 nished with a double pore in the middle of each side. It is very 

 frequently twenty feet in length, and it has been found upwards 

 of a hundred. The large ones are nearly an inch wide, but the 

 head and anterior portion of the body are always very slender. 

 This species is extremely injurious and tenacious. The most 

 violent remedies frequently fail to expel it. 

 In others, the prominence between the suckers is armed with little 

 radiating points. Such as the 



T. solium, L.; Goetz., XXI, 1—7; Encyc, XL, 15—22, and 

 XLI, 1 — 7 ; ^'*^'>' solitaire of the French. Its joints, the ante- 

 rior ones excepted, are longer than they are wide, and have the 

 pore placed alternately on one of their edges. It is usually from 

 four to ten feet in length, but much larger ones are sometimes 

 met with. The vulgar idea that but one of these animals is 

 found at a time in the same individual is very far from being 

 true. Its detached joints are styled cucurbitini. It is one of 

 the most dangerous of the intestinal worms, and the most diffi- 

 cult to expel *. 

 From these ordinary Taeniae, on account of the form of their head, 

 are distinguished the 



Tricuspidaria, Mud., 



Now called Trianophora by the same author, where the head, di- 

 A'ided as it were into two lips or lobes, instead of suckers, has two 

 tri-pointed spinuli or strings, on each side. 



But a single species is known, the Tcenia nodulosa, Gm. 

 Goetz., XXXIV, 5, 6 ; Encyc, XLIX, 12—15. It inhabits va- 

 rious fishes, the Pike, Perch, &c. f 



BOTHRYOCEPHALUS, Blld., 



Where the only suckers possessed by the head are two longitudinal 

 fossulae placed opposite to each other. 



They are found in different Fishes and in certain Birds J. 



* For the other species, see Rud., Hist., II, 77, and Syn., 144. 



t Rid. Hist., ir, part II, 32, and Synop. 135. 



+ Rud., Hist., II, p. ii, 37, and EL, 136. For the genus Bothryocephalus and 

 its subdivisions, see the Zoological Fragmenls of F. S. Leuckardt, No. 1, Helm- 

 stsedt, 1819. 



