CORALLIFERI. 445 



the substance resembles horn. The tliick and soft bark falls more 

 easily than that of the proccding ones*. 



M. Lamouroux also distinguishes from Isis proper, 



MOPSEA, 



AVhere the bark is thinner and more durable f. 



Madukpora, Lin. 



The stony portion of Madrepores is either ramous,or forms rounded 

 mosses, or leaves, but is always furnished with lamellae, which unite 

 concentrically in points where they represent stars, or which termi- 

 nate in lines more or less serpentine. AVhile alive, this stony portion 

 is covered with a living bark, soft, gelatinous, and completely 

 covered with rosettes of tentacula which are the Polypi, or rather 

 the Actinia^, for they usually have several circles of tentacula and the 

 lamellae of the stars correspond in some respects to the membranous 

 laminae of the body of the Actinia?. The bark and Polypi contract 

 on the slightest touch. 



The diversity of their general form, and of the figures w^hich re- 

 sult from the combination of their lamellae, has given rise to various 

 subdivisions, several of which however re-enter others. It will be 

 impossible to establish them definitively until the relation of the 

 Polypi with those forms are known. 



When there is but a single star, circular or in an elongated line, 

 with very numerous laminse, we have the Fungia, Lam. J The ani- 

 mal exiictl}'' represents a single Actinia, with large and numerous 

 tentacula, and of which the mouth corresponds to the depressed part 

 in which all the laminae terminate. 



Stony corals with a single star, that appear to have been perfectly 

 free from adhesion, are found among fossils, and constitute the 

 TuRBiNOLiA, Lam.§, Cyclolithus ||, and Turbinolopsis, Lamou- 

 roux^. 



When the Madrepore is ramous, and the stars are confined to the 

 extremity of each branch, it becomes the Caryophyllia, Lam. The 

 branches are striated. At each star is a mouth surrounded with nu- 



merous 



tentacula**. 



* Isis hijypuris, L.; Sol. and Ell., Zoopli., Ill; Esper, I, 1; — Is. elongata, Esper, 

 I, vi. 



t Jsis dichotoma, Seb., Ill, cvi, 4; — /*-. encrinula, Lam., or Is. verlicillaia, La- 

 mour., Pol. Flex., XVIII, f. 2, and App. to Sol. and Ell., LXX, f. 4. 



+ Mad. fungites, L., or Fungia uyariciformis, Lani., Sol. ami Ell., pi, XXXVIII, 

 f. 5, 6; — M. patella, or F. patellaris, Lam., Id., lb., 1, 2, 3, 4; — M. pileus or Fung. 

 Umacina, Lam., Id., pi. XLV; Seb. Ill, cxi, 3, 5; — F. falpa, Lara. ; Seb., cxi, 6, 

 and cxii, 31. 



§ Mad. tarhinata, L. ; Am. Ac, I, iv, 1, C, 3, 7; — Turh. crispa, Laraour, App. to 

 Sol. and Ell., LXXIV, f. 14— 17;— r. cristata, lb., f. IS, 21 ;— 7'. compressci, lb., 

 22, 23. 



II Mad. porpita, L., Am. Ac. I, iv, 5 ; Ci/cl. elUptica, Guett., Mem., Ill, .xxi, 

 17, 18. 



1[ Turbinolopsis ocracea Lamour., App. Sol. and Ell., pi. LXXXII, f. 4, &c. 



** Madr. cyathus, Sol. and Ell., XXVIII, f. 7 ;— Af. calicularis, Gm., Esper, I, pi. 

 x\i;—M.fasiculata, Sol. and Ell., XXX;—M.Jlexuosa, Sol. and Ell., XXXII, 1;— 



