THE FLOWER 



137 



stalk, or they may be attached by a distinct stalk, the FUNICLE or 

 FUNICULUS (Fig. 227). 



22T 228 



227-230. Ovules: 227, a cluster of ovules, pendulous on their funicles; 228, 

 section of the ovary ^f a Buttercup, lengthwise, showing its ascending 

 ovule ; 229, section of the ovary of Buckwheat, showing the erect ovule ; 

 230, section of the ovary of Anemone, showing its suspended ovule. 



279. In structure an ovule is a pulpy mass of tissue, usually with 

 one or two coats or coverings. The following parts are to be noted; 

 viz. : 



KERNEL or NUCELLUS, the body of the 

 ovule. In the Mistletoe and some related 

 plants, there is only this nucellus, the coats 

 being wanting. 



TEGUMENTS, or coats, sometimes only one, 

 more commonly two, an outer and an inner 



one ' 231. Longitudinal section of 



ORIFICE, or FORAMEN, an opening an ovule enlarged, 



through the coats at the organic apex of the 



ovule. In the seed it is micropyle. 



CHALAZA, the place where the coats and 



the kernel of the ovule blend. 



HILUM, the place of junction of the funiculus with the body of the 



ovule. 



280. The Kinds of Ovules. The ovules in their growth develop in 

 three or four different ways, and thereby are distinguished into 



showing the parts: 

 a, outer coat; 6, 

 inner coat; c, nu- 

 cellus ; d, raphe. 



232-235. Ovules: 232, orthotropous ovule of Buckwheat: c, hilum and cha- 

 laza; /, orifice; 233, campylotropous ovule of a Chickweed : c, hilum 

 and chalaza ; /, orifice; 234, amphitropous ovule of Mallow : f, orifice ; 

 h, hilum ; r, raphe; c, chalaza; 235, anatropous ovule of a Violet; the 

 parts lettered as in the last. 



Orthotropous, or straight, those which develop without curving or 

 turning, as in Fig. 232. The chalaza is at the insertion or base ; the 



