150 



THE FRUIT 



262 263 



262, 263. Achenes : 262, 

 of a Thistle, pro- 

 vided with a pap- 

 pus for wind-dis- 

 semination; 263, 

 of a Dandelion, 

 the pappus borne 

 on a long beak. 



264. 265. Samara 

 An Acorn, of the Elm. 



as it matures tapers upwards into a slender beak, like a stalk to the 

 m Pappus. 



f- ; ^ *&% ^ carv P s i s > or S ra i n > is like an achene 



with the seed adhering to the thin pericarp 

 throughout, so that both are incorporated into 

 one body ; as in Wheat, Indian Corn. 

 I 323. A nut is a dry and indehiscent fruit, 



I commonly one-celled and one-seeded, with a 

 \ \ hard, crustaceous, or bony wall, such as the 

 Cocoanut, Hazelnut, Chestnut, and the Acorn 

 (Fig. 264). Here the involucre, in the form of 

 a cup at the bas6j is called the CUPULE. In 



tlie Chestnut > near relative of the Oak, the 



cupule forms the bur ; in the Hazel, another 



relative, a leafy husk. 

 324. A samara, or 



key fruit, is either a 



nut or an achene, or any 



other indehiscent fruit, furnished with a wing, 

 like that of Ash, and Elm (Fig. 265). The 

 Maple fruit is a pair of keys (Fig. 266). 



325. Dehiscent fruits, -or pods, are of two 

 classes, viz., those of a simple pistil or carpel, 



and those of a compound pistil. Two common sorts of the first are 

 named as follows : 



326. The follicle, a fruit of a simple carpel, 

 which dehisces down one side only, i.e. by 

 the inner or ventral suture. The fruits of 



Marsh Marigold (Fig. 267) 

 are of this kind. 



327. The leg- 

 ume or true pod, 



such as the Pea 



pod (Fig. 268), 



and the fruit of 



the Leguminous 



or Pulse family 



generally, which 



opens along the 



dorsal as well as 



the ventral suture. 



The two pieces into which it splits are called 

 VALVES. A LOMENT is a legume which is con- 

 stricted between tho seeds, and at length breaks 

 up crosswise into distinct joints, as in Fig. 269. 



266 267 



266. Fruit of the Maple. 



267. Follicle of the Marsh Mari- 



gold. 



268 



268. A Legume. 



269. ALoment. 



