200 



CRYPTOGAMS 



337 ' 



465. Reproduction. Upon the upper surface, over the 

 axes of growth, or midribs, small cup-shaped structures 

 called cupules (Fig. 334, A, c) are found. From the bottom 

 of each, several small lens-shaped bodies, composed of a con- 

 siderable number of cells, arise ; they are known as gemmce 

 (literally buds). When set free and scattered by rains and 

 running water they develop directly into new plants. 

 This is vegetative propagation much resembling the propa- 

 gation of Lilies by bulblets and various other Flowering 

 Plants by offsets. Gemmae serve the same purpose as 

 zoospores in the Algse, namely, rapid multiplication. 



466. A second reproductive process is now to be de- 

 scribed, in which gametes much like the equivalent bod- 

 ies in Algse 



take part. In 

 late spring 

 and in ear- 

 ly summer 

 erect, more 



or less umbrellalike, branches are 

 found. They are of two kinds. In 

 one case (antheridial branches, Fig. 

 336) the termination is a disk with 

 scalloped margin. In the other the 

 stalks end in a disk from which 

 fingerlike rays 

 project (Fig. 

 334) ; these are 

 the archegonial 

 branches. In 



depressions of the scalloped disks 



stand the short-stalked antheridia. 

 The large cell of the anther- 



idium (Fig. 338) becomes divided 



into a great number of smaller 



cells, in each of which a single 



antherozoid is formed. The an- 



therozoids are like those of Rock- SACHS. 



336. Antheridial branch. 



338. Antheridium : anther- 



