. III. DIST. CHAR. Prototype. 85 



The fossils are almost always found in argillaceous 

 strata,, productive of coal and ironstone. 



e. 60. GRASSES (Gramina) are furnished with 

 very simple or undivided leaves, a hollo w,, jointed 

 stem or culm, and a glumosec/?/.r: the seed is sin- 

 gle. (Phil. Bot p. 37.) 



Obs. This tribe gives form,, also, to many petri- 

 factions ; but they are rarely in a perfect state. They 

 are, in a great measure, confined to argillaceous 

 strata. The species are unknown as recent plants; 

 but, in general, appear to have been allied to the 

 canes and reeds indigenous to the Indies. 



f. 61 . PALMS ( Palm a ) have a simple stem (cau- 

 dex) frondose at the top, and their fructification on 

 a spadLv, proceeding from a spatlie. (v. Phil. Bot. 

 p. 37.) 



Obs. Petrified fruits, apparently from species he- 

 longing to the genera of Cocos and Areca, have been 

 found in argillaceous strata, with other vegetable re- 

 mains. 



g. 62. PLANTS (Plantce} include all vegetables 

 not referrible to the foregoing tribes and are either 

 Herbs, Shrubs, or Trees, (v. Phil. Bot. p. 37.) 



Herbs are such plants as perish annually down to 

 the root. 



Shrubs have several permanent woody stems, di- 

 viding from the bottom. 



J'/wshave only a single permanent woody trunk. f 



f These distinctions are according to the common acceptation 

 of the terms Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees. Linnaeus makes the dif- 



