i III. DIST. CHAR. Prototype. 87 



The bones of land-animals ( including their teeth, 

 horns, 8$c. ) are rarely found in the petrified state, 

 and never at any great depth,, or forming, as it 

 were, constituent parts of the solid strata. But, for 

 the most part, are mere conservata, loosely deposited 

 in alluvial tracts, or in caverns and fissures. f The 

 bones of the amphibia, and of the aquatic mammalia, 

 (as the seals, Phoca?, and the whales, Cete.) are 

 sometimes found petrified ; but more commonly as 

 conservata : these are usually lodged in recent strata 

 (v. SOIL. &c.). The bones offish are either hard 

 and spinous, or cartilaginous and soft-pointed those 

 of the first kind occur both petrified and conser- 

 vated, in modern and less ancient tracts the bones 

 of cartilaginous fish, their teeth excepted, very rarely 

 preserve their form in the fossil state. 



The various external parts of animals, to be con- 

 sidered as innate, and which are capable of giving 

 their form to reliquia, are principally the scales and 

 jins of fish, the horny covering in some of the am- 

 phibia ( the testudines ) and the integument which in- 

 closes the whole of the body in insects : most of these 

 are found in the petrified state, in the modern and 

 less ancient strata, (v. SOIL. &c. ) Every part of 

 the body, as well internal as external, of certain 

 crustaceous worms, is found, also, in the petrified 

 state, and incorporated with the solid rock, in the 

 most ancient of the secondary strata. 



t Vide page 12. note ft- 



