. III. DIST. CHAR. Prototype. 89 



are external, and enclose the animals by which they 

 are formed. 



Obs The fabricated parts of animals are those 

 which are most common in the fossil state., both as 

 petrifactions and conservata. The petrified abound in 

 ancient calcareous tracts: the conservated in the less 

 ancient and modern. ( v. SOIL. &c. ) 



B. 66. THE VEGETABLE PARTS (Par- 

 tes vegetabilium) are such as belong either to the 

 substance of the plant, or to its external form and 

 structure. 



a. 67. THE SUBSTANCE OF A VEGETABLE (Sub- 

 stantia vegetab.) consists of the cuticle, outer 

 bark, inner bark, wood, and pith. The cuticle 

 ( epidermis ) covers the outer bark ( cortex ) from 

 which is deposited the inner bark (liber). This 

 last changes gradually into hard rings of wood ( lig- 

 num) surrounding the pith (medulla). 



Obs. Of these the cuticle, outer-bark, and wood, 

 are most frequent in the fossil state : the inner bark 

 and pith are rarely,, if ever, to be traced either in 

 conservata or petrifactions. The cuticle is often evi- 

 dent, in the form of a pellicle, bituminated or car- 

 bonized, coating the stone or other mineral, under the 

 \egetable figure; but, it is the outer bark that gives 

 its structure, in most instances, to the body of the 

 petrifaction ; at least, if the internal texture of the 

 original be wanting when that is present, it is 

 generally the wood of the plant, which forms the 

 rdiquium. 



