. III. DIST. CHAR. Prototype. 95 



as in some petrifactions of fish and vermes^ 

 &c.f 

 2. The fabricate ; as 



fall from the shell, and hence are rarely found attached to 

 it in the fossil subjecs. 



The petrified spines (lapidesjudaici of authors) differ consi- 

 derably in their form, fipin those of the known living animals 

 and hence Linnaeus supposed these fossils not to have been 

 the spines of echini that they are so, however, is BOW placed 

 beyond doubt, as some of the most singular in structure have 

 been discovered, affixed to the crust, as in the recent state. 

 ZOTeeth (denies) five, small, oblong, moveable bones, articulated 

 to the same number of internal processes, placed perpendicu- 

 larly round the aperture of the mouth. 



The teeth are often found in the fossil state detached from 

 the shell. 



We have given the above definitions of the parts of an echinus, 

 as we do not find them explained in any work to which we have, at 

 present, an opportunity of referring. 



t The terms, applied by Linneus to the external parts of ani- 

 mals, should be carefully studied by those, who wish to gain a 

 knowledge of extraneous fossils, or communicate their observations 

 on these bodies to others. To such the " Enchiridion Hist. Nat" 

 of Forster may be recommended as an excellent publication; but, 

 we must observe, its usefulness would have been much increased, if 

 the author had extended his plan through all the classes of the 

 animal kingdom. Since the present work went to the press, we have 

 seen " Elements of Natural History" published at Edinburgh, in 

 which, lists of the Linnsean zoological terms, with very correct de- 

 finitions, are given; so as to supply, in a great measure, those de- 

 riciences noted in Forster. 



The following are a few terms which either do not occur in the 

 Linneean writings, or not exactly in the sense, in which we hare 



