. III. DIST. CHAR. Soil. 157 



other natural event subsequent to the formation of 

 the rocks themselves, (v. Kirw. G. Ess. p 163.) 

 Hence, the rdiquia of primary soils are to be con- 

 sidered as modern, when compared with the incor- 

 porated extraneous fossils of secondary mountains. 



Among the stones constituting primary soils, gra- 

 nite and its varieties form the principal or funda- 

 mental rock ; next to which g?ieiss and micaceous 

 schistus usually appear, and frequently alternate 

 w r ith each other ; and after these sienite, siliceous, 

 schistus, granular limestones and pozphyries seem 

 most general Serpentine, potstone, quartz, Jwrn- 

 l)lende, topaz rock, pitclistone, jasper, petrosilex, 

 flunr, gypsum, sandstones, rubblestone, and trap, 

 are also found in primary soztef. 



B. 129. A SECONDARY SOIL (Solum si- 

 cundarium) is distinguished by its holding organic 

 remains imbedded in the substance of its strata ff. 



Secondary soils may be divided into., 1. most 



} Jasper, petrosilex, quartz, hornblende, porphyry, argillaceous 

 schistus, trap, pitchstone, sandstone, rubblestone, fluor, and gyp- 

 sum, belong both to primary and secondary soils Trap, pitch- 

 stone, sandstone, rubblestone, fluor, and gypsum, are, however, 

 most common in the "atter. 



ft Some substances, as traps, gypsum, breccias, &c. never or 

 very rarely contain extraneous fossils, even when secondary stones; 

 but are distinguished from those of a primary formation by alter- 

 nating with, or covering, strata in which organic remains are 

 found. 



